Table 5.

Summary of antibacterial applications using MXenes-containing evaporators

Main components	Evaporator strategy	Antibacterial mechanisms	Bacteria	Antibacterial effect	Water evaporation rate (kg m–2 h–1)	References
Ti3C2Tx/Au/ polyvinylidene fluoride	A superior interface photothermal conversion material to achieve efficient evaporation and antibacterial properties	PTT/ROS generation	E. coli K-12	100%	2.66a	[42]
			Spingopyxis sp. BM1-1	100%
Ti3C2Tx/Ag/ polyacrylonitrile	A evaporator promising for practical clean water production	Physical damage/Ag+ release	E. coli	100%	2.08b	[44]
Ti3C2Tx/cellulose	A flexible anti-biofouling fibrous photothermal membrane	Physical damage	E. coli	99.9%	1.44b	[152]
			S. aureus	99.9%
Ti3C2Tx/ dimethylsiloxane/ hydrophilic polylactic acid/TiO2	A flexible MXene-based Janus porous fibrous membranes for solar-driven desalination and antibacterial properties	Physical damage	E. coli	100%	1.0b	[156]

^a2 sun illumination; ^b1 sun illumination