Table 1.
Anthropometric and clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Variable | Total | Male | Female | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 322; 100.00%) | (n = 181; 56.21%) | (n = 141; 43.79%) | |||||
| mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | ||
| Age (years) | 11.30 | 2.81 | 11.62 | 2.68 | 10.89 | 2.93 | 0.022 |
| n (%) | SD | n (%) | SD | n (%) | SD | ||
| Puberty Yes | 156 (48.60) | 0.03 | 81 (45.00) | 0.04 | 75 (51.19) | 0.40 | 0.145 |
| Weight (kg) | 55.96 | 19.91 | 59.63 | 20.98 | 51.26 | 17.42 | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.48 | 0.16 | 1.52 | 0.17 | 1.44 | 0.15 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.66 | 5.04 | 25.11 | 5.24 | 24.08 | 4.74 | 0.069 |
| BMI z-score | 1.53 | 0.96 | 1.57 | 0.99 | 1.47 | 0.92 | 0.401 |
| Weight class | n (%) | SD | n (%) | SD | n (%) | SD | 0.733 |
| Normal Weight | 64 (19.88) | 0.02 | 34 (18.78) | 0.03 | 30 (21.28) | 0.03 | |
| Over Weight | 98 (30.43) | 0.03 | 58 (32.04) | 0.03 | 40 (28.37) | 0.04 | |
| Obese | 160 (49.69) | 0.03 | 89 (49.17) | 0.04 | 71 (50.35) | 0.04 | |
| WC (cm) | 78.82 | 13.48 | 81.45 | 14.14 | 75.42 | 11.77 | <0.001 |
| WtHr (%) | 53.17 | 7.13 | 53.71 | 7.22 | 52.48 | 6.99 | 0.131 |
| WtHr>50% | 225 (70.98) | 0.03 | 134 (74.86) | 0.03 | 91 (65.94) | 0.04 | 0.083 |
| SBP office (mmHg) | 112.17 | 14.89 | 113.52 | 14.60 | 110.43 | 15.13 | 0.064 |
| DBP office (mmHg) | 66.12 | 9.72 | 65.90 | 9.05 | 66.40 | 10.56 | 0.645 |
| SBP (z-score) | 0.61 | 1.05 | 0.59 | 1.03 | 0.63 | 1.09 | 0.742 |
| DBP (z-score) | 0.36 | 0.77 | 0.31 | 0.72 | 0.43 | 0.82 | 0.155 |
| Blood Pressure Category | n (%) | SD | n (%) | SD | n (%) | SD | 0.668 |
| Normotensive | 236 (72.67) | 0.02 | 134 (74.03) | 0.03 | 100 (70.92) | 0.04 | |
| High Normal | 31 (9.63) | 0.02 | 18 (9.94) | 0.02 | 13 (9.22) | 0.02 | |
| Hypertensive | 57 (17.70) | 0.02 | 29 (16.02) | 0.03 | 28 (19.86) | 0.03 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.56 | 0.14 | 0.58 | 0.14 | 0.54 | 0.13 | 0.002 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 149.63 | 25.57 | 147.44 | 24.57 | 152.44 | 26.62 | 0.082 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 4.52 | 1.19 | 4.66 | 1.32 | 4.35 | 0.97 | 0.021 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 85.18 | 7.55 | 85.91 | 6.68 | 84.25 | 8.46 | 0.050 |
| Insulin (mM/L) | 15.35 | 11.33 | 15.12 | 10.24 | 15.65 | 12.62 | 0.680 |
| HOMA-index | 3.29 | 2.54 | 3.26 | 2.34 | 3.31 | 2.78 | 0.864 |
| PulseWaveVelocity (m/sec) | 4.80 | 0.97 | 4.76 | 0.93 | 4.84 | 1.02 | 0.490 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 76.95 | 12.17 | 74.27 | 11.72 | 80.38 | 11.90 | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WtHr, waist circumference height ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. HOMA, homeostatic model assessment index.