Table 1.
List of potential drug resistance genes targeted in the Pv Ampliseq assay.
| Chromosome | Gene name | Gene ID | Drug resistance | references |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PvP01_01_v1 | pvcrt (chloroquine resistance transporter) | PVP01_0109300/PVX_087980 | CQ (putative) | (Barnadas et al., 2008; Melo et al., 2014; Joy et al., 2018; Silva et al., 2018; Tantiamornkul et al., 2018; Sá et al., 2019; Rovira-Vallbona et al., 2021) |
| PvP01_02_v1 | pvmrp1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 1) | PVP01_0203000/PVX_097025 | CQ, PIP (both putative) | (Bright et al., 2013; Gonçalves et al., 2014; Flannery et al., 2015; Pearson et al., 2016) |
| PvP01_03_v1 | pvdmt2 (drug/metabolite transporter 2) | PVP01_0312700/PVX_000585 | CQ (putative) | (Flannery et al., 2015) |
| PvP01_05_v1 | pvdhfr (dihydrofolate reductase) | PVP01_0526600/PVX_089950 | PYR | (Tjitra et al., 2002; Hastings et al., 2005; Auliff et al., 2006; Rungsihirunrat et al., 2008; Bright et al., 2013; Flannery et al., 2015; Cubides et al., 2018; Tantiamornkul et al., 2018; Auburn et al., 2019) |
| PvP01_10_v1 | pvmdr1 (multidrug resistance transporter) | PVP01_1010900/PVX_080100 | CQ (putative) | (Suwanarusk et al., 2007; Imwong et al., 2008; Marfurt et al., 2008; Bright et al., 2013; Melo et al., 2014; Hupalo et al., 2016; Auburn et al., 2019; Ngassa Mbenda et al., 2020) |
| PvP01_10_v1 | pvp13k (phophatidylinositol 3 kinase) | PVP01_1018600/PVX_080480 | ART (putative) | (Hupalo et al., 2016; Mbenda et al., 2018) |
| PvP01_11_v1 | pvabc-e1 (ABC transporter E family member 1) | PVP01_1103800/PVX_115370 | In IBD region recurrent infections after CQ | (Rovira-Vallbona et al., 2021) |
| PvP01_12_v1 | pvk13 (pvkelch13) | PVP01_1211100/PVX_083080 | ART (putative) | (Flannery et al., 2015; Mint Deida et al., 2018; Tantiamornkul et al., 2018) |
| PvP01_12_v1 | pvmdr2 (multidrug resistance protein 2) | PVP01_1259100/PVX_118100 | CQ (putative) | (Cowell et al., 2018; Noisang et al., 2019) |
| PvP01_14_v1 | pvdhps (dihydropteroate synthase) | PVP01_1429500/PVX_123230 | SULF; CQ (putative) | (Korsinczky et al., 2004; Imwong et al., 2005; Mint Lekweiry et al., 2012; Ganguly et al., 2014; Cubides et al., 2018; Joy et al., 2018; Tantiamornkul et al., 2018; Auburn et al., 2019; Noisang et al., 2019) |
| PvP01_14_v1 | pvmrp2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2) | PVP01_1447300/PVX_124085 | CQ (putative) | (Flannery et al., 2015; Cowell et al., 2017) |
The assay targets the full length genes listed above with several amplicons per gene. CQ, chloroquine; PIP, piperaquine; PYR, pyrimethamine; ART, artemisinins; SULF, sulfadoxine.