Table 4.
Mean prevalence of dyslipidemias according to demographic and socioeconomic variables and familial history among adults in East Coast, Fujian, China.
| Prevalence, * % (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dyslipidemia# | High total cholesterol | High LDL-C | High TG | Low HDL-C | |
| Male | 39.54 (35.87–43.21) | 34.31 (30.79–37.82) | 29.33 (25.89–32.77) | 29.67 (26.51–32.84) | 26.10 (22.97–29.56) |
| Female | 31.97 (28.85–34.99) | 28.85 (25.79–31.92) | 28.97 (25.95–31.99) | 28.93 (25.92–31.92) | 24.54 (22.87–26.21) |
| P | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| Dyslipidemia in family | |||||
| Yes | 44.31 (39.15–47.99) | 11.14 (8.69–13.59) | 11.01 (8.24–13.80) | 30.61 (25.99–35.26) | 20.96 (17.29–24.91) |
| No | 32.23 (29.99–33.02) | 7.46 (5.90–8.92) | 7.31 (6.58–7.71) | 20.52 (16.86–23.76) | 17.24 (14.39–20.09) |
| p | <0.01 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
| Education level | |||||
| Low education | 40.56 (35.21–45.92) | 10.01 (7.40–12.63) | 9.52 (8.41–9.65) | 26.11 (22.03–26.19) | 18.01 (16.02–19.99) |
| College/higher education | 36.03 (33.01–40.05) | 8.49 (5.99–10.47) | 8.78 (7.99–9.58) | 25.02 (21.94–28.92) | 20.20 (18.06–22.39) |
| p (Linear tread) | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.21 |
| History of smoking ^ | |||||
| Yes | 42.91 (37.64–46.41) | 9.93 (6.91–10.99) | 9.89 (7.99–9.81) | 29.12 (25.21–33.03) | 26.25 (23.01–29.50) |
| No | 33.69 (29.41–38.69) | 8.61 (6.36–10.86) | 8.42(7.11–9.14) | 22.03 (18.96–25.02) | 11.99 (9.98–13.99) |
| p | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Alcohol drinking† | |||||
| Yes | 42.08 (38.87–45.29) | 9.84 (7.97–11.71) | 10.07 (7.91–8.99) | 30.76 (26.99–34.53) | 27.59 (23.86–30.93) |
| No | 34.45 (30.21–38.70) | 8.71 (5.99–11.48) | 8.24 (7.61–9.87) | 20.42 (17.82–23.02) | 10.65 (9.02–12.29) |
| p | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Overweight§ | |||||
| Yes | 46.57 (39.86–53.28) | 10.82 (8.89–12.25) | 10.54 (8.95–12.13) | 30.99 (27.98–34.99) | 22.19 (18.97–25.39) |
| No | 29.95 (25.03–34.97) | 7.75 (5.90–9.61) | 7.77 (6.59–8.91) | 20.15 (17.96–22.34) | 16.07 (14.76–17.37) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
| Obesity | |||||
| Yes | 53.22 (41.98–64.57) | 12.12 (10.01–14.23) | 12.14 (10.97–13.35) | 31.35 (28.99–33.31) | 21.25 (18.89–23.66) |
| No | 23.31 (21.44–25.23) | 6.44 (5.01–7.87) | 6.17 (5.49–6.85) | 19.77 (17.91–21.63) | 17.05 (16.21–17.89) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Waist circumference ¶ | |||||
| High | 49.77 (45.03–53.57) | 12.38 (10.25–14.54) | 12.39 (11.03–14.60) | 29.75 (26.11–34.97) | 23.91 (18.99–28.04) |
| Normal | 26.83 (22.86–30.81) | 6.23 (5.15–7.31) | 5.94 (5.11–7.03) | 21.43 (18.76–24.88) | 14.36 (11.21–17.11) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Regular physical activity ~ | 29.84 (24.59–35.01) | 7.01 (5.14–8.88) | 7.11 (5.23–8.98) | 21.05 (19.76–22.74) | 17.42 (14.95–19.86) |
| Sedentary Leisure | 46.69 (41.86–51.53) | 11.54 (8.99–14.09) | 11.25 (9.20–13.02) | 30.96 (15.78–19.14) | 20.81 (17.65–23.99) |
| p | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| History of CHD | |||||
| Yes | 40.71 (38.51–43.01) | 9.28 (7.21–11.26) | 10.11 (8.84–11.51) | 27.39 (24.94–29.84) | 17.25 (14.21–19.32) |
| No | 35.82 (33.58–38.06) | 9.23 (7.75–10.72) | 8.14 (7.01–9.27) | 23.72 (20.53–26.92) | 20.98 (17.99–24.22) |
| p | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| History of CVD | |||||
| Yes | 40.85 (38.22–43.48) | 11.96 (9.15–15.81) | 11.71 (9.02–14.41) | 29.85 (24.93–35.08) | 23.98 (18.90–29.10) |
| No | 35.71 (32.29–38.21) | 6.53 (4.81–8.25) | 7.50 (6.01–8.99) | 21.31 (19.65–23.65) | 14.22 (11.13–17.04) |
| p | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Hypertension | |||||
| Yes | 44.87 (41.02–48.67) | 11.77 (9.01–14.61) | 8.61 (7.22–9.98) | 32.85 (29.40–35.73) | 24.77 (19.99–29.67) |
| No | 31.73 (28.83–34.71) | 6.79 (5.02–8.68) | 9.66 (7.86–10.42) | 18.34 (16.30–20.80) | 13.43 (10.81–16.05) |
| p | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.15 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | |||||
| Yes | 46.23 (41.99–50.47) | 13.74 (11.09–16.54) | 12.73 (10.04–15.23) | 31.15 (28.02–34.29) | 25.51 (21.34–29.69) |
| No | 30.27 (27.82–32.73) | 4.83 (3.99–5.77) | 5.53 (4.02–7.04) | 20.03 (16.44–23.64) | 12.72 (9.69–15.79) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
*Mean percentages (95% confidence interval) were shown and based on the overall values within the 3 years. CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; BP, blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; and HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
#Dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol 240 mg/dl, and/or triglyceride ≥160 mg/dl, and/or LDL cholesterol 160 mg/dl, and/or HDL cholesterol 40 mg/dl, and/or use of lipid-lowering medications.
^Smoking was defined as current daily smoking or quit less than 5 years; Non-smoking is defined as never smoking cigarettes daily or quit smoking more than 5 years.
†Alcohol drinking was defined as consumption of 30 g of alcohol per week for 1 year.
§Overweight was defined as a body mass index (kg/m2) value of 24 or more; Obesity was defined as a body mass index (kg/m2) value of 28 and above. High circumference is defined as a waist circumference over 85 cm for men and over 80 cm for women.
~ Defined as an exercise of moderate or vigorous activity at least for 30 min per day with 3 days per week.