Table 1.

Summary of findings for the primary outcome (Number of cases of COVID-19).

WASH intervention in combination with other public health measures compared to no intervention for reducing the number of cases of COVID-19
Patient or population: Reducing the number of cases of COVID-19
Setting: Hospital
Intervention: WASH intervention in combination with other public health measures
Comparison: No intervention
Outcomes	No of participants (studies) follow up	Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)	Relative effect*(95% CI)	Anticipated absolute effects
				Risk with no intervention	Risk difference with WASH intervention in combination with other public health measures
Number of cases of COVID-19 assessed with: Any criteria for labeling a confirmed case of COVID-19 as reported by the authors	0 cases 72 controls (1 observational study)	⊕○○○ Very lowa, b	Not estimable	Low
				0 per 1,000	0 fewer per 1,000 (0 fewer to 0 fewer)

^*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).

CI, Confidence interval.

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.

High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect.

Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different.

Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.

Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect.

^aDowngraded once for study design.

^bDowngraded twice for imprecision due to sparse data and low participant numbers.