Table 2.
Result of univariable analysis of the determinants of Newcastle disease infection in commercial layer chicken farms.
| Variables | Case (n = 56) | Control (n = 56) | OR with 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education status of the farmer | 0.01 | |||
| Illiterate/Basic R&W | 17 | 6 | 3.63 (1.29–10.19) | |
| Educated | 39 | 50 | 1 | |
| Number of houses in the farm | 0.13 | |||
| 1 | 46 | 39 | 2.01 (0.81–4.93) | |
| ˃1 | 10 | 17 | 1 | |
| Flock size | 0.19 | |||
| ≤1500 | 33 | 26 | 1.65 (0.78–3.52) | |
| ˃1500 | 23 | 30 | 1 | |
| Distance from the nearest road or pathway (Meter) | 0.01 | |||
| ≤100 m | 36 | 22 | 2.78 (1.28–6.03) | |
| >100 m | 20 | 34 | 1 | |
| Distance from the nearest farm (Meter) | 0.03 | |||
| ≤175 m | 34 | 22 | 2.38 (1.11–5.14) | |
| ˃175 m | 22 | 34 | 1 | |
| Condition of feeder and waterer | 0.04 | |||
| Defective | 21 | 11 | 2.45 (1.05–5.76) | |
| Good | 35 | 45 | 1 | |
| Floor condition | ˂0.01 | |||
| Impaired | 17 | 5 | 4.45 (1.51–13.10) | |
| Proper | 39 | 51 | 1 | |
| Regular use of disinfectant | 0.06 | |||
| No | 30 | 20 | 2.07 (0.97–4.43) | |
| Yes | 26 | 36 | 1 | |
| Surrounding environment | ˂0.01 | |||
| Damp | 36 | 16 | 4.50 (2.01–10.07) | |
| Dry | 20 | 40 | 1 | |
| Rearing different-aged birds together | ˂0.01 | |||
| Yes | 18 | 5 | 4.83 (1.63–14.34) | |
| No | 38 | 51 | 1 | |
| Isolation of sick birds | 0.03 | |||
| No | 37 | 25 | 2.41 (1.12–5.23) | |
| Yes | 19 | 31 | 1 | |
| Cleanliness of farmyard | 0.05 | |||
| No | 38 | 28 | 2.11 (0.98–4.55) | |
| Yes | 18 | 28 | 1 | |
| Disposal of carcass | 0.04 | |||
| Throw away | 36 | 25 | 2.23 (1.04–4.77) | |
| Dispose properly | 20 | 31 | 1 | |
| Age of the farmer (Year)∗ | <0.01∗∗ |
∗continuous variable; ∗∗ OR was calculated for increasing each unit.