Table 2.

Conditional transfer entropy between the different variables on a national level

	Background checks	Mass shootings	Media output
Background checks	_	0.0159 (0.3481)	0.0057 (0.8206)
Mass shootings	0.0048 (0.8531)	_	0.0074 (0.7260)
Media output	0.0375 (0.0317)$\text{∗}$	0.0133 (0.4428)	_
	Background checks per capita	Mass shootings	Media output
Background checks per capita	_	0.0146 (0.3930)	0.0082 (0.6748)
Mass shootings	0.0037 (0.9149)	_	0.0072 (0.7297)
Media output	0.0240 (0.1546)	0.0156 (0.3673)	_
	Fraction of suicides with firearms	Mass shootings	Media output
Fraction of suicides with firearms	_	0.0208 (0.2196)	0.0130 (0.4544)
Mass shootings	0.0129 (0.4581)	_	0.0149 (0.3846)
Media output	0.0106 (0.5566)	0.0160 (0.3459)	_
	Firearm ownership	Mass shootings	Media output
Firearm ownership	_	0.0464 (0.0136)$\text{∗}$	0.0578 (0.0031)$\text{∗}$
Mass shootings	0.0098 (0.5995)	_	0.0137 (0.4691)
Media output	0.0301 (0.0768)$\circ$	0.0230 (0.1818)	_

Rows represent sources, and columns represent targets. The numbers in parentheses denote the p value obtained from a permutation test. $\circ$ indicates a trend with $0.05<p<0.1$ and $\text{∗}$ a significance with $p<0.05$.