TABLE 6.

Details of top 10 clusters for researches on oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration from 2007 to 2021.

Cluster no.	Size (n)	Silhouette	Mean (Year)	LSI	LLR	MI
0	65	0.545	2018	intervertebral disc degeneration; glucagon like peptide 1; transcription factor; competitive endogenous RNA; adaptation | oxidative stress; nucleus pulposus cells; mitochondrial dysfunction; activation; honokiol	mitochondria; intervertebral disc degeneration; differentiation; hypoxia; promote	tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator; atf4; coculture; AMPK/pgc-1 alpha pathway; cyclosporine a
1	53	0.606	2016	intervertebral disc degeneration; low back pain; nucleus pulposus; targeted therapy; signaling pathway | intervertebral disc; oxidative stress; cell apoptosis; NF-kappa b activation; anti-senescence therapy	NF-kappa b; degeneration; annulus fibrosus cell; intervertebral disk; IDD	Glutathion peroxidase-1; cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; misfolded protein; involvement; cordycepin
2	49	0.626	2014	nucleus pulposus; intervertebral disc; matrix metalloproteinases; replicative senescence; oxidative stress | intervertebral disc degeneration; animal model; magnetic resonance imaging; rhesus monkey; mitochondrial dysfunction	nucleus pulposus; 17 beta estradiol protect; magnetic resonance imaging; DNA damage; animal model	phosphorylation; t1 rho; elderly subject; hyperosmotic stress; high glucose
3	33	0.676	2015	intervertebral disc degeneration; nucleus pulposus; intervertebral disc; primary cell culture; gene expression | oxidative stress; nucleus pulposus cells; autophagic flux; primary cell culture; intervertebral disc	diabetes mellitus; reactive oxygen species; mitoq; bax; Kinsenoside	mitoq; bax; kinsenoside; anti-oxidant; mangiferin
4	33	0.862	2013	intervertebral disc degeneration; noncoding RNA; aerobic metabolism; tissue; degradation | oxidative stress; intervertebral disc; HEME oxygenase-1; noncoding RNA; aerobic metabolism	Osteoarthriti; nlrp3 inflammasome; degradation; gene; hbp1	hbp1; CDDO-EA; oligomeric matrix protein; aerobic metabolism; oxidative phosphorylation
5	31	0.831	2014	intervertebral disc; mitochondrial redox homeostasis; advanced glycation end products; synovial joints; pathomechanisms | intervertebral disc degeneration; advanced glycation end-products; pathomechanisms; carboxymethyl-lysine; metalloproteinases	MMPS; proteomics; aging; controls; advanced glycation end products	controls; advanced glycation end products; pentosidine; sirtuin 3; hemopexin
6	25	0.759	2014	low back pain; metalloproteinase; gene expression; induced inflammation; model | oxidative stress; TNF-alpha; prevalence; inflammatory cytokine; inhibitor	metalloproteinase; senescence markers; induced inflammation; human retina; antioxidant system	senescence markers; induced inflammation; human retina; antioxidant system; inflammatory cytokine
7	23	0.928	2012	oxidative stress; intervertebral disc; enzyme encapsulation; polymer capsules; inflammatory markers | intervertebral disc degeneration; nutrient deficiency; inflammatory markers; intervertebral disc; epigallocatechin gallate	ultrastructure; hydrogen peroxide; doxorubicin; macrophage; oxidative stress markers	doxorubicin; macrophage; oxidative stress markers; iron; age-related macular degeneration
8	18	0.728	2014	intervertebral disc degeneration; nucleus pulposus cells; small molecule; intervertebral disc; death | oxidative stress; mitochondrial function; nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells; PPAR gamma coactivator-1; silent information regulator	inhibition; complement system; naringin; b; premature senescence	complement system; naringin; b; premature senescence; small molecule activator
9	17	0.928	2012	intervertebral disc degeneration; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; mitochondral damage; high glucose | nucleus pulposus; extrogen receptor beta; clinical studies; biochemical mechanisms; transcription factor	intervertebral disc degeneration; high glucose concentration; migration inhibitory factor; vo-ohpic; smg1	high glucose concentration; migration inhibitory factor; vo-ohpic; smg1; Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway