Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the entire hepatitis C virus cohort according to the treatment
|
Variable, n (%)
|
Untreated group (n = 619)
|
IBT group (n = 578)
|
DAA group (n = 857)
|
P
value (3 Gr.)
|
P
value (U vs I)
|
P
value (U vs D)
|
P
value (I vs D)
|
| Age (yr) | 60.4 ± 13.4 | 51.4 ± 10.9 | 59.1±11.4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.086 | < 0.001 |
| Male sex | 280 (45.2) | 277 (47.9) | 412 (48.1) | 0.511 | 0.351 | 0.281 | 0.955 |
| HCV RNA, log10 IU/mL | 5.89 (5.08-6.45) | 5.83 (4.87-6.49) | 6.04 (5.27-6.53) | < 0.001 | 0.979 | 0.017 | < 0.001 |
| HCV genotype | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| 1 | 256 (41.4) | 242 (41.9) | 491 (57.3) | ||||
| 2 | 299 (48.3) | 323 (55.9) | 355 (41.4) | ||||
| Others/missing | 64 (10.3) | 13 (2.2) | 11 (1.3) | ||||
| Diagnosis status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.058 | |||
| Chronic hepatitis | 417 (67.4) | 456 (78.9) | 639 (74.6) | ||||
| Compensated cirrhosis | 202 (32.6) | 122 (21.1) | 218 (25.4) | ||||
| FIB-4 index | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.142 | < 0.001 | |||
| ≤ 1.45 | 112 (18.9) | 191 (33.3) | 164 (19.9) | ||||
| 1.45-3.25 | 218 (36.8) | 200 (34.8) | 337 (40.9) | ||||
| ≥ 3.25 | 263 (44.3) | 183 (31.9) | 323 (39.2) | ||||
| APRI score | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.094 | 0.853 | |||
| ≤ 2.0 | 480 (80.3) | 485 (84.1) | 708 (83.7) | ||||
| > 2.0 | 118 (19.7) | 92 (15.9) | 138 (16.3) | ||||
| ALBI score | 0.004 | 0.04 | 0.001 | 0.313 | |||
| ≤ -2.60 (Grade 1) | 446 (73.0) | 450 (78.1) | 674 (80.3) | ||||
| > -2.60 (Grade 2 or 3) | 165 (27.0) | 126 (21.9) | 165 (19.7) | ||||
| Ever smoker | 264 (42.9) | 283 (49.5) | 380 (44.5) | 0.058 | 0.022 | 0.519 | 0.068 |
| Alcohol intake | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| None | 326 (53.0) | 226 (39.4) | 419 (48.9) | ||||
| Social | 227 (36.9) | 308 (53.7) | 229 (26.7) | ||||
| Significant1 | 61 (9.9) | 40 (7.0) | 209 (24.4) | ||||
| Fatty liver disease on imaging study, n = 1389 | 71 (19.3), n = 367 | 86 (21.1), n = 408 | 140 (22.8), n = 614 | 0.435 | 0.549 | 0.202 | 0.516 |
| Anti-HBcIgG (+), n = 1442 | 47 (11.0), n = 429 | 33 (8.4), n = 391 | 64 (10.3), n = 622 | 0.46 | 0.225 | 0.73 | 0.33 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.4 ± 3.2 | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 23.8 ± 3.1 | 0.02 | 0.143 | 0.02 | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 120 (19.4) | 77 (13.3) | 128 (14.9) | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.024 | 0.391 |
| Hypertension | 145 (23.4) | 107 (18.5) | 243 (28.4) | < 0.001 | 0.037 | 0.034 | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 16 (2.6) | 3 (0.5) | 25 (2.9) | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.701 | 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 17 (2.7) | 4 (0.7) | 20 (2.3) | 0.026 | 0.007 | 0.617 | 0.017 |
| Laboratory study | |||||||
| WBC, × 103/mm3 | 5.09 (4.29-6.50) | 5.05 (3.91-6.16) | 5.40 (4.40-6.61) | < 0.001 | 0.145 | 0.164 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.5 (12.3-14.5) | 13.7 (12.7-14.8) | 13.8 (12.7-14.8) | < 0.001 | 0.004 | < 0.001 | 1 |
| Platelet, × 103/mm3 | 162 (118-212) | 174 (130-220) | 172 (129-215) | 0.229 | 0.236 | 0.317 | 1 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.2 (3.9-4.4) | 4.2 (4.0-4.5) | 4.2 (4.0-4.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 1 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.5-1.0) | 0.7 (0.6-1.0) | 0.7 (0.6-1.0) | 0.784 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| ALP, IU/L | 87 (68-136) | 79 (63-112) | 121 (78-250) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| AST, IU/L | 50 (30-85) | 50 (31-83) | 46 (30-76) | 0.026 | 1 | 0.139 | 0.038 |
| ALT, IU/L | 42 (23-80) | 52 (29-100) | 36 (22-70) | < 0.001 | 0.013 | 0.176 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.7-1.0) | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) | 0.857 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PT, INR | 1.06 (1.01-1.12) | 1.03 (0.98-1.08) | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.119 |
| AFP, ng/dL | 4.3 (2.5-9.7) | 3.5 (2.3-7.1) | 3.8 (2.4-6.6) | 0.868 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cohort entry time | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| January 2007–June 2015 | 488 (78.8) | 561 (97.1) | 49 (5.7) | ||||
| July 2015–June 2019 | 131 (21.2) | 17 (2.9) | 808 (94.3) | ||||
| SVR rate | - | 67.5 (451/668) | 95.3 (817/857) | - | - | < 0.001 | - |
| Follow-up duration (yr) | 5.6 (3.4-8.2) | 7.9 (6.1-9.7) | 3.5 (2.0-5.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
1
Significant alcohol intake is defined as weekly ≥ 210 g for men and ≥ 140 g for women.
Data were presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%). AFP: Alpha-feto protein; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; DAA: Direct acting antivirals; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; IBT: Interferon-based therapy; INR: International normalized ratio; PT: Prothrombin time; WBC: White blood cell.