Table 2.
Results of subgroup analyses regarding the association of H. pylori infection with BE.
| Groups | No. Studies |
OR (95%CI) | Heterogeneity | Pinteraction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 (%) | p value | ||||
| Total | 23 | 0.53 (0.45-0.64; p < 0.001) | 79% | <0.001 | |
| Study design | 0.940 | ||||
| Case-control | 14 | 0.53 (0.39–0.71; p < 0.001) | 67% | <0.001 | |
| Cross-sectional | 9 | 0.52 (0.42–0.65; p < 0.001) | 79% | <0.001 | |
| Publication year | 0.870 | ||||
| After 2010 | 8 | 0.51 (0.42–0.63; p < 0.001) | 76% | <0.001 | |
| Before 2010 | 15 | 0.53 (0.40–0.70; p < 0.001) | 66% | <0.001 | |
| Region | 0.220 | ||||
| Asia | 5 | 0.43 (0.20–0.93; p = 0.030) | 88% | <0.001 | |
| Europe | 11 | 0.58 (0.46–0.73; p < 0.001) | 39% | 0.090 | |
| America | 7 | 0.46 (0.40–0.53; p < 0.001) | 46% | 0.080 | |
| Country | 0.580 | ||||
| Eastern | 5 | 0.43 (0.20–0.93; p = 0.030) | 88% | <0.001 | |
| Western | 18 | 0.54 (0.45–0.64; p < 0.001) | 72% | <0.001 | |
| Diagnostic methods of H. Pylori | 0.900 | ||||
| Histology/RUT | 6 | 0.48 (0.41–0.58; p < 0.001) | 77% | <0.001 | |
| Serology | 3 | 0.50 (0.33–0.76; p = 0.001) | 0% | 0.770 | |
| ⩾ 2 diagnostic methods | 14 | 0.53 (0.38–0.74; p < 0.001) | 71% | <0.001 | |
| Sample size | 0.002 | ||||
| > 10000 | 2 | 0.40 (0.39–0.42; p < 0.001) | 0% | 0.330 | |
| < 10000 | 21 | 0.56 (0.46–0.68; p < 0.001) | 61% | <0.001 | |
| Number of biopsy sites for detecting H. Pylori | 0.610 | ||||
| 1 | 4 | 0.58 (0.46–0.73; p < 0.001) | 0% | 0.400 | |
| ⩾ 2 | 16 | 0.54 (0.43–0.67; p < 0.001) | 84% | <0.001 | |
| Diagnostic criteria for BE | 0.410 | ||||
| IM | 12 | 0.56 (0.45–0.69; p < 0.001) | 85% | <0.001 | |
| CM | 9 | 0.44 (0.27–0.73; p = 0.001) | 64% | 0.005 | |
| Diagnostic timing of BE | 0.450 | ||||
| Newly diagnosed | 4 | 0.39 (0.15–0.98; p < 0.001) | 89% | <0.001 | |
| Previously diagnosed | 11 | 0.55 (0.48–0.63; p < 0.001) | 17% | 0.280 | |
| Age and gender matched between 2 groups | 0.160 | ||||
| Matched | 4 | 0.28 (0.10–0.76; p < 0.001) | 84% | <0.001 | |
| Unmatched | 19 | 0.58 (0.48–0.69; p < 0.001) | 79% | <0.001 | |
| Participants with a history of H. pylori eradication therapy | 0.570 | ||||
| Excluded | 8 | 0.45 (0.25–0.81; p = 0.008) | 82% | <0.001 | |
| Not excluded | 15 | 0.54 (0.45–0.64; p < 0.001) | 75% | <0.001 | |
| Participants who used PPIs within at least 2 weeks before detection of H. pylori infection | 0.910 | ||||
| Excluded | 8 | 0.50 (0.29–0.83; p = 0.008) | 83% | <0.001 | |
| Not excluded | 15 | 0.51 (0.44–0.60; p < 0.001) | 63% | <0.001 | |
BE, Barrett’s esophagus; CM, columnar metaplasia; IM, intestinal metaplasia; OR, odds ratio; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors; RUT, rapid urease test.