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. 2022 Aug 11;13:949498. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.949498

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Copyright © 2022 Yu, Wang, Wang, Yi, Liu, Wu, Wu and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The landscape of the epigenetic regulation in wound healing. The epigenetic modifications of the wound healing process are presented by DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). In the nucleus, the nucleosome is the functional unit of the chromatin, which is made up of DNA and histone proteins. Histone modifications, including methylation (me), acetylation (ac) can regulate the transcription process by affecting the looseness of chromatin. DNA methylation refers to the transfer of a methyl group to the C5 position of cytosine in CpG islands. NcRNAs provide additional epigenetic regulation in the cytoplasm, by regulating mRNA expression at the levels of transcription, RNA processing, and translation. MicroRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) are the major ncRNA types involved in wound healing. NcRNAs enriched and stabilized in EVs mediate skin-related cell communication. The above three regulatory mechanisms could manipulate various functions and fates of multiple would-associated cells, including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation, consequently impacting the process of wound healing.