TABLE 2.

The epigenetic regulation and mechanisms of EVs in wound healing.

Exosomal contents	Source	Recipient cells	Mechanisms	Biological function	Ref.
miR-27b	hUC-MSCs	HaCaT cells and HSFs	Target ITCH/JUNB/IRE1α axis	Improve proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells and HSFs	Cheng et al. (2020)
miR-21-5p	Mag-BMSCs	HUVECs and HSFs	Inhibit SPRY2 and activate PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 Pathways	Accelerate wound healing	Wu et al. (2020c)
miR-135a	Human amnion MSCs	Human fibroblast BJ-1 cells	Down-regulate LATS2 levels	Promote BJ-1 cells migration	Gao et al. (2020)
miR-486-5p	ADSCs	HSFs and HMECs	Regulate the Sp5/CCND2	Promote HSF proliferation, migration, and HMEC angiogenesis	Lu et al. (2020)
miR-425-5p miR-142-3p	EPSCs	HDFs	Down-regulate the expression of TGF-β1	Inhibit myofibroblast differentiation	Duan et al. (2020)
miR-126 miR-130a miR-132 miR124a miR-125b miR-21	Human circulating fibrocytes	Diabetic KCs	N/A	Promote migration and proliferation of diabetic keratinocytes and enhance angiogenesis	Geiger et al. (2015)
miR-21-3p	hUC-blood plasma	HSFs and HMECs	Inhibit PTEN and SPRY1	Promote HSF proliferation, migration, and HMEC angiogenesis	Hu et al. (2018)
miR-16-5p	Induced pluripotent stem cells	HaCaT cells	Activate p38/MARK pathway by targeting Desmoglein 3	Promote deep second-degree burn wound healing	Yan et al. (2020)
miR-21	HEKa	HFF-1, endothelial cells	Down-regulate PTEN/RECK, and activate MAPK/ERK signaling	Promote fibroblast migration, differentiation, and contraction, enhance angiogenesis and promote the inflammatory response	Li et al. (2019b)
miR-20b-5p	Plasma of diabetic patients	HUVECs	Inhibit of the Wnt9b/β-catenin signaling pathway	Inhibit angiogenesis	Xiong et al. (2020)
miR-20b-5p	Plasma of diabetic patients	HSFs	Suppress VEGFA expression	Suppress HSF proliferation and promote apoptotic death.	Chen et al. (2021)
miR-221-3p	EPCs	N/A	Possibly target AGE-RAGE, p27, and p57	Promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation	Xu et al. (2020b)
miR-106b	HUVECs	LL29 fibroblast cells and HaCaT keratinocytes	Inhibit JMJD3 and RIPK3	Reduce adhesion and viability of fibroblasts and keratinocytes and inhibit collagen I content and angiogenesis	Qi et al. (2021)
miR-24-3p	Plasma of diabetic patients	HUVECs	Down-regulate PIK3R3 expression	Inhibit angiogenesis, survival, and migration of HUVECs	Xu et al. (2020c)
lncRNA H19	MSCs	Fibroblasts	Sponge miR-152-3p and up-regulated PTEN to inhibit PI3K/AKT signaling pathway	Prevent the apoptosis and inflammation of fibroblasts	Li et al. (2020)
lncRNA-H19	EMNVs	HMEC-1	Impair PI3K/AKT signaling pathway	Promote EC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis	Tao et al. (2018)
MALAT1	ADSCs	HaCaT and HDF cells	Sponge miR-124 and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Promote the proliferation and migration of HaCaT and HDF cells	He et al. (2020)
has_circ_0075932	Adipocytes	Dermal KCs	Bind with PUM2 and up-regulating AuroraA/NF-kB pathway	Promote inflammation and apoptosis in keratinocytes to impair wound healing	Zhang et al. (2019)
mmu_circ_0000250	ADSCs	EPCs	Induce miR-128-3p/SIRT1-mediated autophagy	Promote EPC proliferation and angiogenesis to accelerate diabetic wound healing	Shi et al. (2020b)