TABLE 3.

Detailed characteristics of reimbursed MAEIs directly targeting adherence, identified across 12 European countries.

Nr a	Country	Intervention	Who performs?	Type	Technology mediated?
5	Czech Republic	Inhaled drug (Enerzair Breezhaler®) for asthma therapy equipped with sensor and dedicated app	Patients	Adherence monitoring	Yes
6		Patient education in psychiatry; with elements of motivational interview	Nurse	Education	No
7		Patient education in diabetes, covering issues related to medication adherence	Nurse	Education	No
8		Patient education (group sessions), covering issues related to medication adherence	Doctor (diabetologist)	Education	No
9		Patient education (individual consultation), covering issues related to medication adherence	Doctor (diabetologist)	Education	No
10		Educational interview with a patient/family member covering issues related to medication adherence, provided at therapy initiation	Doctor	Education	No
14	Estonia	Patient education in asthma, covering issues related to medication adherence	Nurse	Education	No
15		Patient education in diabetes, covering issues related to disease self-monitoring with glucometer and medication adherence	Nurse	Technical equipment for monitoring the disease and providing feedback on outcomes	No
16		Directly observed therapy of mental conditions, accompanied by drug concentration monitoring	Nurse	Medication regimen management	No
17	Hungary	Primary care performance indicator: the proportion of patients with myocardial infarction, coronary bypass, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty who filled prescriptions for beta-blockers at least four times in the previous 12 months	Doctor (GP)	Adherence monitoring	Yes
18		Patient education and regular monitoring of medication adherence by GPs in chronic patients aged 40–65 years under the “Three Generations for Health Program”	Doctor (GP)	Complex	No
19		Mobile application for hypertensives providing blood pressure and medication diary with reminders to take medications and to refill prescriptions - HABITA™ e-health application	Patient	Reminders	Yes
21	Lithuania	Monitoring patients’ conditions including the use of medicines	Nurse (hired by GPs or Primary Health care institution)	Adherence monitoring	No
23	Netherlands	Inhaled drug (Enerzair Breezhaler®) equipped with sensor and app for asthma therapy	Patients	Adherence monitoring	Yes
24		Complex behavioural intervention targeting adherence to asthma/COPD medication	Pharmacists	Complex	No
25	Norway	Multidose drug dispensing providing patients with machine-dispensed medicines	Pharmacists (in collaboration with GPs and nurses)	Medication regimen management	Yes
27		New Medicine Service for patients with cardiovascular diseases	Pharmacists	Complex	No
30	Spain	Medication review in complex patients with multiple chronic conditions and 15 or more medications prescribed	Pharmacists, GPs and nurses in collaboration	Medication regimen management	Yes
31	Switzerland	Preparation of weekly pill organizers	Pharmacists or nurses	Medication regimen management	Yes
32		Direct Observed Therapy for any patient encountering important adherence issues	Pharmacists	Medication regimen management	No

^aNumbers refer to consecutive numbers ascribed to interventions across the country related paragraphs, appearing in braces; GP, general practitioner.