TABLE 2.

Application of exosomes in experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis.

Author	Cell source	Model	Target	Reference
Dinh	Lung spheroid cell, hBM-MSC	Bleomycin, silica	Regulate miR-99a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-30a-3p, let-7 family	Dinh et al. (2020)
Mansouri	hBM-MSC	Bleomycin	Modulation of monocyte phenotypes	Mansouri et al. (2019)
Wan	hBM-MSC	Bleomycin	Regulate miR-29b-3p and frizzled 6; inhibit fibroblast proliferation, migration, invasion, and differentiation	Wan et al. (2020)
Choi	hBM-MSC	Silica	Reduce collagen deposition and inflammation	Choi et al. (2014)
Phinney	hBM-MSC, mBM-MSC	Silica	Regulate miR-451a, miR-1202, miR-630, miR-638; inhibit toll-like receptor signaling in macrophages	Phinney et al. (2015)
Shentu	hBM-MSC	TGF-β-stimulated myofibroblast	Regulate miR-199a/b-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-630, miR-22-3p, miR-196a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-148a-3p	Shentu et al. (2017)
Bandeira	hAD-MSC	Silica	Reduce collagen fiber content, size of granuloma, number of macrophages, and IL-1β, TGF-β	Bandeira et al. (2018)
Gao	hAD-MSC	PM2.5	Regulate let-7-5p, TGF-βR1; reduce apoptosis and necrosis, ROS, inflammation	Gao et al. (2020)
Lei	Placenta MSCs	Radiation	Regulate miR-214-3p, ATM/P53/P21; inhibit vascular damage, inflammation, and fibrosis	Lei et al. (2020)
Sun	Menstrual blood stem cells	Bleomycin	Regulate let-7-5p; regulates ROS, mtDNA damage, NLRP3 inflammasome activation	Sun L. et al. (2019)
Guiot	Macrophage	TGF-β stimulated cells	Regulate miR-142-3p, TGF-βR1	Guiot et al. (2020)
Kadoda	Human bronchial epithelial cell	Bleomycin	Inhibit TGF-β-mediated induction of both myofibroblast differentiation and lung epithelial cellular senescence by attenuating WNT signaling	Kadota et al. (2021)
Xie	Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)	Under pathological and physiological conditions	May promote or inhibit EMT of type II alveolar epithelial cells and the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts	Xie and Zeng, (2020)