NarX phosphorylation in the presence of various anions. Phosphorylation procedures were by the protocol described in the legend to Fig. 4. Where indicated, a 10× stock of KCl, NaCl, K2SO4, Na2SO3, K2HPO4, NaClO4, KHCO3, or Na2B4O7 was used in place of 10× KNO2 or KNO3. Final concentrations were 10 mM for each anion and 50 mM for HEPES buffer.