Table 2.
Distribution of variables of participants and group differences in the different attendance groups.
| Variables | N (%) | BCS | CCS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n/%) | Yes (n/%) | χ2 | No (n/%) | Yes (n/%) | χ2 | ||||
| Personal traits | |||||||||
| Age | 18–34 | 903 (25.8) | 676 (74.9) | 227 (25.1) | 177.749*** | 712 (78.8) | 191 (21.2) | 196.613*** | |
| 35–64 | 2,597 (74.2) | 1,280 (49.3) | 1,317 (50.7) | 1,356 (52.2) | 1,241 (47.8) | ||||
| Gestational experiences | 0 | 287 (8.2) | 255 (88.9) | 32 (11.1) | 137.842*** | 266 (92.7) | 21 (7.3) | 146.606*** | |
| 1 | 991 (28.3) | 522 (52.7) | 469 (47.3) | 566 (57.1) | 425 (42.9) | ||||
| 2 or above | 2,222 (63.5) | 1,179 (53.1) | 1,043 (46.9) | 1,236 (55.6) | 986 (44.4) | ||||
| Chronic disease status | Without | 2,535 (72.4) | 1,480 (58.4) | 1,055 (41.6) | 23.251** | 1,552 (61.2) | 983 (38.8) | 17.371*** | |
| With | 965 (27.6) | 476 (49.3) | 489 (50.7) | 516 (53.3) | 449 (46.5) | ||||
| BMI | Normal weight | 2,096 (59.9) | 1,188 (56.7) | 908(43.3) | 15.830** | 1,269 (60.5) | 827 (39.5) | 12.263** | |
| Underweight | 220 (6.3) | 142 (64.5) | 78 (35.5) | 143 (65.0) | 77 (35.0) | ||||
| Overweight | 964 (27.5) | 496 (51.5) | 468 (48.5) | 529 (54.9) | 435 (45.1) | ||||
| Obese | 220 (6.3) | 130 (59.1) | 90 (40.9) | 127 (57.7) | 93 (42.3) | ||||
| behavior characteristics | |||||||||
| Health behaviors | History of smoking | Yes | 24 (0.7) | 15 (62.5) | 9 (37.5) | 0.429 | 15 (62.5) | 9 (37.5) | 0.117 |
| No | 3,476 (99.3) | 1,941 (55.8) | 1,535 (44.2) | 2,053 (59.1) | 1,423 (40.9) | ||||
| History of alcohol | Yes | 202 (5.8) | 99 (49.0) | 103 (56.3) | 4.111* | 110 (54.5) | 92 (45.5) | 1.901 | |
| No | 3,298 (94.2) | 1,857 (56.3) | 1,441 (43.7) | 1,958 (59.4) | 1,340 (40.6) | ||||
| The status of exercise | No | 1,721 (49.2) | 1,085 (63.0) | 636 (37.0) | 70.388*** | 1,126 (65.4) | 595 (34.6) | 56.322*** | |
| Yes | 1,779 (50.8) | 871 (49.0) | 908 (51.0) | 942 (53.0) | 837 (47.0) | ||||
| Health checkup | No | 1,643 (46.9) | 1,334 (81.2) | 309 (18.8) | 804.457*** | 1,353 (82.3) | 290 (17.7) | 693.253*** | |
| Yes | 1,857 (53.1) | 622 (33.5) | 1,235 (66.5) | 715 (38.5) | 1,142 (61.5) | ||||
| HRQoL | Health profile | Low | 692 (19.8) | 380 (54.9) | 312 (45.1) | 0.331 | 391 (56.5) | 301 (43.5) | 2.380 |
| High | 2,808 (80.2) | 1,576 (56.1) | 1,232 (43.9) | 1,677 (59.7) | 1,131 (40.3) | ||||
| Overall self-rated health status | Low | 800 (22.9) | 463 (57.9) | 337 (42.1) | 2.158 | 476 (59.5) | 324 (40.5) | 2.643 | |
| Medium | 2,088 (59.7) | 1,147 (54.9) | 941 (45.1) | 1,214 (58.1) | 874 (41.9) | ||||
| High | 612 (17.5) | 346 (56.5) | 266 (43.5) | 378 (61.8) | 234 (38.2) | ||||
| Interpersonal network | |||||||||
| Marital status | Single | 358 (10.2) | 278 (77.7) | 80 (22.3) | 76.648*** | 294 (82.4) | 64 (17.9) | 87.548*** | |
| Married | 3,142 (89.8) | 1,678 (53.4) | 1,464 (46.6) | 1,774 (56.5) | 1,368 (43.5) | ||||
| Number of children | 0 | 80 (2.3) | 71 (88.8) | 9 (11.3) | 35.867*** | 75 (93.8) | 5 (6.3) | 40.695*** | |
| 1 or above | 3,420 (97.7) | 1,885 (55.1) | 1,535 (44.9) | 1,993 (58.3) | 1,427 (41.7) | ||||
| Household size | 1 | 110 (3.1) | 54 (49.1) | 56 (50.9) | 2.946 | 58 (52.7) | 52 (47.3) | 2.388 | |
| 2 | 467 (13.3) | 253 (54.2) | 214 (45.8) | 270 (57.8) | 197 (42.2) | ||||
| 3 or above | 2,923 (83.5) | 1,649 (56.4) | 1,274 (43.6) | 1,740 (59.5) | 1,183 (40.5) | ||||
| Work and life | |||||||||
| Income | Low | 1,938 (55.4) | 1,118 (57.7) | 820 (42.3) | 5.724* | 1,169 (60.3) | 769 (39.7) | 2.736 | |
| High | 1,562 (44.6) | 838 (53.6) | 724 (46.4) | 899 (57.6) | 663 (42.4) | ||||
| Employment | Unemployed or out of work | 598 (17.1) | 391 (65.4) | 207 (34.6) | 84.484*** | 404 (67.6) | 194 (32.4) | 78.140*** | |
| Retired | 427 (12.2) | 195 (45.7) | 232 (54.3) | 212 (49.6) | 215 (50.4) | ||||
| Employed | 2,409 (68.8) | 1,307 (54.3) | 1,102 (45.7) | 1,387 (57.6) | 1,022 (42.4) | ||||
| In-school student | 66 (1.9) | 63 (95.5) | 3 (4.5) | 65 (98.5) | 1 (1.5) | ||||
| Education | Primary school or below | 992 (28.3) | 568 (57.3) | 424 (42.7) | 18.699*** | 579 (58.4) | 413 (41.6) | 26.685*** | |
| Junior high school/ senior high school | 1,580 (45.1) | 824 (52.2) | 756 (47.8) | 877 (55.5) | 703 (44.5) | ||||
| Technical school | 200 (5.7) | 122 (61.0) | 78 (39.0) | 131 (65.5) | 69 (34.5) | ||||
| College or above | 728 (20.8) | 442 (60.7) | 286 (39.3) | 481 (66.1) | 247 (33.9) | ||||
| Distance from the nearest hospital | <1 km | 1,704 (48.7) | 956 (56.1) | 748 (43.9) | 0.064 | 1,009 (59.2) | 695 (40.8) | 0.022 | |
| ≥1 km | 1,796 (51.3) | 1,000 (55.7) | 796 (44.3) | 1,059 (59.0) | 737 (41.0) | ||||
| social policies enabling resources | |||||||||
| Family doctors | Don't know | 2,202 (62.9) | 1,300 (59.0) | 902 (41.0) | 27.386*** | 1,362 (61.9) | 840 (38.1) | 26.521*** | |
| Yes | 541 (15.5) | 257 (47.5) | 284 (52.5) | 270 (49.9) | 271 (50.1) | ||||
| No | 757 (21.6) | 399 (52.7) | 358 (47.3) | 436 (57.6) | 321 (42.4) | ||||
| Health records | Don't know | 1,854 (53.0) | 1,131 (61.0) | 723 (39.0) | 49.069*** | 1,197 (64.6) | 657 (35.4) | 65.804*** | |
| Yes | 1,276 (36.5) | 617 (48.4) | 659 (51.6) | 641 (50.2) | 635 (49.8) | ||||
| No | 370 (10.6) | 208 (56.2) | 162 (43.8) | 230 (62.2) | 140 (37.8) | ||||
| Insurance status | Uninsured | 41 (1.2) | 30 (73.2) | 11 (26.8) | 5.028* | 30 (73.2) | 11 (26.8) | 3.405 | |
| Insured | 3,459 (98.8) | 1,926 (55.7) | 1,533 (44.3) | 2,038 (58.9) | 1,421 (41.1) | ||||
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. BMI, body mass index; HRQoL, health-related quality of life.