Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

Reference	Study type	Country	Research center	Number	Age	Years of menopause	Osteoporosis	Follow-up	Intervention	Comparison
Rønn et al. (9)	RCT	Denmark	SC	142	67.3 ± 4.4	>2	No	36 M	375μg/day MK-7 + 38μg/day VD3 + 800 mg/day Ca	38μg/day VD3 + 800 mg/day Ca
Rønn et al. (38)	RCT	Denmark	SC	142	60–80	>2	No	12 M	375μg/day MK-7 + 38μg/day VD3 + 800 mg/day Ca	38μg/day VD3 + 800 mg/day Ca
Kasukawa et al. (26)	RCT	Japan	SC	101	>60	-	Yes	12 M	17.5 mg/week risedronate + 45 mg/day menatetrenone	17.5 mg/week risedronate
Koitaya et al. (39)	RCT	Japan	SC	48	58.4 ± 3.8	7.3 ± 3.8	No	12 M	1.5 mg/day MK-4	placebo
Jiang et al. (14)	RCT	China	MC	213	45–75	>5	Yes	12 M	45 mg/day menatetrenone + 500 mg/day Ca	0.5 μg/day alfacalcidol + 500 mg/day Ca
Knapen et al. (15)	RCT	Netherlands	SC	244	55–65	9 ± 6	No	36 M	180μg/day MK-7	placebo
Emaus et al. (21)	RCT	Norway	MC	334	50–60	1-5	No	12 M	360 mg/day MK-7	placebo
Shiraki et al. (40)	RCT	Japan	SC	121	68.6 ± 7.6	19.6 ± 9.3	Yes	6 M	45 mg/day menatetrenone	133.8 mg/day Ca
Inoue et al. (41)	RCT	Japan	MC	4378	>50	20.55 ± 9.89	Yes	48 M	45 mg/day menatetrenone + Ca	Ca
Hirao et al. (27)	RCT	Japan	SC	48	68.5 ± 2.1	-	Yes	12 M	45 mg/day VK2 + 5 mg/day alendronate	5 mg/day alendronate
Knapen et al. (42)	RCT	Netherlands	SC	325	55–75	>2	No	36 M	45 mg/day MK-4	placebo
Purwosunu et al. (43)	RCT	Indonesia	SC	63	60–75	>2	Yes	12 M	45 mg/day menatetrenone + 1500 mg/day Ca	placebo + 1500 mg/day Ca
Ushiroyama et al. (44)	RCT	Japan	SC	172	53.41 ± 5.90	2.50 ± 4.16	Yes	24 M	45 mg/day MK-4 + 1μg/day VD3	1μg/day VD3
Iwamoto et al. (45)	RCT	Japan	SC	72	53-78	>5	Yes	24 M	45 mg/day MK-4	2 g/day Ca
Iwamoto et al. (46)	RCT	Japan	SC	92	55-81	>5	Yes	24 M	45 mg/day menatetrenone + 0.75 μg/day VD3	0.75 μg/day VD3
Iwamoto et al. (18)	RCT	Japan	SC	72	53.82 ± 5.24	5.21 ± 4.18	No	12 M	45 mg/day MK-4	1.0 g/day VD3

RCT, Randomized Controlled Trial; SC, single-center; MC, multiple-center; M, month; VK2, vitamin K2; VD3, vitamin D3; Ca, calcium.