Table 2.

The relationship between heave amplitude and wingbeat frequency for 14 species flying in the wild and two species flying in controlled conditions.

species	signal amplitude (g)	wingbeat frequency (Hz)	slope	intercept	p-value	R2	total wingbeats
dunlina	3.2 ± 0.3	13.2 ± 0.9	0.110	1.833	<0.001	0.112	73
pigeona	6.0 ± 0.7	6.7 ± 0.4	0.893	1.337	<0.001	0.309	147
pigeon	3.7 ± 0.4	5.2 ± 0.5	0.189	2.713	<0.001	0.048	4858
barn owl	2.4 ± 0.4	4.4 ± 0.4	0.518	0.531	<0.001	0.162	134 919
common guillemot	2.5 ± 0.3	9.7 ± 0.6	0.206	0.541	<0.001	0.170	31 349
Brünnich's guillemot	1.3 ± 0.2	7.7 ± 0.5	0.180	−0.076	<0.001	0.195	122 598
imperial cormorant	1.1 ± 0.2	5.7 ± 0.2	0.190	0.044	<0.001	0.062	11 068
red-tailed tropicbird	1.8 ± 0.3	4.0 ± 0.3	0.527	−0.341	<0.001	0.151	174 190
black-legged kittiwake	2.0 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.2	0.998	−1.915	<0.001	0.383	21 767
great frigatebird	1.7 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.2	0.757	−0.213	<0.001	0.256	2805
streaked shearwater	1.4 ± 0.1	4.1 ± 0.3	0.018	1.315	<0.001	0.001	18 036
northern fulmar	1.3 ± 0.1	4.7 ± 0.3	−0.003	1.354	0.437	0.000	8505
grey-headed albatross	1.4 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 0.2	0.016	1.325	0.500	−0.001	590
wandering albatross	1.1 ± 0.1	2.8 ± 0.2	0.043	0.952	0.207	0.001	533
northern gannet	2.5 ± 0.6	3.9 ± 0.3	0.489	0.632	<0.001	0.051	15 410

^aWind tunnel studies.