. 2022 Aug 24;19(193):20220168. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0168

Table 3.

Models of heave amplitude as a function of wingbeat frequency (WBF) and the interaction between wingbeat frequency and climb rate (V_z) for red-tailed tropicbirds (n = 10), pigeons (n = 9) and barn owls (n = 10), using individual as a random factor.

	estimate	s.e.	t-value	p-value
tropicbirds ( $R_{m}^{2} = 0.50$ , $R_{c}^{2} = 0.66$ )
(intercept)	−2.275	0.056	−40.622	<0.001
WBF	1.014	0.011	91.817	<0.001
WBF: V_z	0.018	0.001	13.301	<0.001
pigeons ( $R_{m}^{2} = 0.01$ , $R_{c}^{2} = 0.42$ )
(intercept)	3.882	0.132	29.524	<0.001
WBF	−0.053	0.018	−3.013	0.003
WBF: V_z	−0.008	0.003	−3.256	0.001
barn owls ( $R_{m}^{2} = 0.28$ , $R_{c}^{2} = 0.65$ )
(intercept)	−0.615	0.0799	−7.7	<0.001
WBF	0.677	0.0045	150.3	<0.001
WBF: V_z	0.048	0.0008	59.3	<0.001