Table 1.

Details of NLRP3 Inhibitor and Their Mechanism of Action

NLRP3 inhibitor	Class of drug	Mechanism of action
Glyburide	Sulfonylureas	Suppressed KATP channels and inhibition of ASC agglomeration
MCC950		Hydrolysis of ATP
Metformin	Biguanide	Activation of AMPK
Liraglutide	GLP‐1 analogs	Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome
Dapagliflozin	SGLT‐2 inhibitors	Activation of AMPK
Empagliflozin
Ticagrelor
CY‐09	Glitazones	Inhibition of NLRP3 ATPase activity
Arsenic trioxide(As2O3)	Arsenic compounds	Inhibition of NLRP3 activation and release of IL‐1β
Edaravone	Substituted 2‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones	Inhibition of NLRP3 activation and release of IL‐1β. Reduced caspase-1 and NF-kB expression and ROS scavenging
Atorvastatin	Statins	Inhibition of NLRP3 activation and release of IL‐1β. Reduced caspase-1 and NF-kB expression and ROS scavenging
Allopurinol	Xanthine oxidase inhibitor	Scavenging of ROS and inhibition of uric acid production
BAY11‐7082	Vinyl sulfones	Inhibition of ATPase
MNS	Beta‐Nitrostyrenes	Alteration of cysteine residue and inhibition of ATPase
INF39	Acrylate derivatives	Inhibition of ATPase
EMD638683	Acylhydrazone	Reduced NLRP3 and IL‐1β expression
FC11A‐2	Benzimidazoles	Inhibition of autocleavage of pro‐caspase‐1 and IL‐1β expression
Dapansutrile (OLT1177)	Sulfonyl nitriles	Inhibitor of NACHT and ATPase
BOT‐4‐one	Benzoxathiole derivatives	Inhibitor of NACHT and ATPase
Tranilast	Tryptophan derivative	Binds with the NACHT and inhibits the interaction of NLRP3–NLRP3 and NLRP3-ASC
BHB	Natural products	Inhibition of outward movement of K+ and reduced agglomeration
Parthenolide		Inhibitor of NACHT ATPase and caspase-1 inhibitor
Oridonin		Binds irreversibly with Cys27 residue of NLRP3 9 and inhibits the interaction of NLRP3–NEK7