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. 2022 Aug 11;13:949835. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949835

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Peng, Yu, Xu, Han, Yang, Li, Hu, Liu, Yang, Xu, Chen, Wang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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DHA remodeled macrophages into the M1 phenotype in vitro. (A,B) The membrane expression of CD86 was assayed through flow cytometry. (C–E) mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12b was investigated using the RT-PCR. (F,G) Release of IL-1β and IL-6 was detected using the Elisa Kit. (H–J) WB was applied to measure the expression of iNOS and GBP5. The mean gray was quantitatively analyzed. (K,L) The functions of antigen presentation and phagocytosis were detected, as evidenced by MHC-II expression and latex beats experiments. Geometric means were used to quantify the MFI. Values were means ± SD (n = 3, *p < 0.05 when compared with the control group).