Table 3. Summary of Case Reports/Case Series Focusing on Medical Management.

First author, year	Age, sex	Treatment	Comorbid conditions	Recommendations/conclusions
Biswas, 201620	62, female	Prednisone, 40 mg/d, tapered to 25 mg/d; risedronate, 70 mg/wk; vitamin K, 2 mg/d	Psoriatic arthritis, dyslipidemia, fibromyalgia, GERD, peptic ulcer disease, hypothyroidism	In a patient with nonuremic calciphylaxis, systemic prednisone treatment showed improvement in wound healing and pain control. The article’s author acknowledged other research showing an association between corticosteroid use and disease onset in other patients.
Cole, 202021	56, female	Twice weekly topical oxygen therapy at home	ESRD, diabetes, amyloidosis, anemia, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia	Topical oxygen therapy resulted in complete ulcer healing at 9 weeks.
El-Taji, 202022	59, male	Conservative	Posttransplant ESRD, diabetes, dilated cardiomyopathy, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure	Conservative treatment may be successful in cases without wet gangrene or significant pain.
Lintzeris, 201823	62, female	Purified collagen matrix with polyhexamethylene biguanide topical therapy	ESRD, diabetes	PCMP topical therapy resulted in successful ulcer healing at 11 weeks after treatment.
Starcea, 201824	4, female	Oxygen therapy, CPAP, inotropic therapy, anticonvulsants	ESRD attributable to posterior urethral valve	Prophylaxis of hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism and early diagnosis of calciphylaxis may improve survival.
Yalin, 201325	67, male	Ceftazidime and neutramycin for sepsis	ESRD, diabetes, hyperparathyroidism, hypoalbuminemia	Increased awareness and early recognition of calciphylaxis with subsequent infection precaution may aid in improving prognosis of the disease.
Yalin, 201325	74, female	Imipenem plus cilastatin for sepsis	ESRD, chronic pyelonephritis, hyperparathyroidism, hypoalbuminemia	See above.
Yalin, 201325	42, male	Calcium acetate phosphorus-binder, vancomycin, fluconazole for sepsis and candidiasis	ESRD, hypertension, hyperparathyroidism, hypoalbuminemia	See above.
Yalin, 201325	57, male	Antibiotic therapy for sepsis, aluminum hydroxide for hyperphosphatemia	ESRD, diabetes, hyperparathyroidism, hypoalbuminemia	See above.
Yalin, 201325	48, male	Pulse steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy	ESRD, diabetes, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia	See above.
Yalin, 201325	42, female	Vancomycin and neutramycin for sepsis	ESRD, diabetes, hypertension	See above.

Abbreviations: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; PCMP, polyhexamethylene biguanide.