Table 2.

The peri- and postoperative outcomes for CSLH, MIDLH, and RALH groups

Variables	CSLH (n = 64)	MIDLH (n = 42)	RALH (n = 32)	p value
LIMA harvesting time (min)	36.9 ± 14.3	74.4 ± 24.2	164.7 ± 51.9	< 0.001
LIMA damage (%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.1%)	0.192
Conversion to sternotomy (%)	NA	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Need of CPB (%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1.000
Post OP 24 h drainage (ml)	578.8 ± 258.3	451.1 ± 399.2	285.3 ± 313.0	< 0.001
Re-exploration for bleeding (%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1.000
Ventilation time (h)	17.3 ± 19.1	9.9 ± 12.6	9.2 ± 9.4	0.017
Total ICU stay (h)	50.7 ± 36.1	34.9 ± 27.2	37.1 ± 25.8	0.024
Perioperative MI (%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1.000
In hospital mortality (%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1.000
CTA patency on discharge (%)	56/57 (98.2%)	34/36 (94.4%)	27/27 (100%)	0.339
One year CTA patency (%)	47/51 (92.1%)	30/33 (90.9%)	24/25 (96%)	0.754

Continuous data were shown as mean ± SD and categorical data were shown as number plus %. One way ANOVA with Welch robust test for equality of means was applied for statistical analysis. Post hoc analysis was done with Fisher's LSD and Gabriel's tests

CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, MI myocardial infarction, CTA computed tomographic angiography