Table 3.
Crude and adjusted ordered logistic regression models of chronic paina
| Unadjusted | Partially adjustedd | Fully adjusted | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2i | Model 2ii | Model 2iii | Model 3 | ||||||||
| uOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | Waldb | ||
| Genderb | Women | 1.46** | (1.13–1.89) | 1.57** | (1.15–2.14) | 1.55** | (1.14–2.12) | 1.79*** | (1.31–2.43) | 1.55** | (1.13–2.12) | |
| HSCL-Anxietyb | Yes | 5.45*** | (4.04–7.35) | 5.17*** | (3.76–7.11) | 2.42*** | (1.64–3.55) | 0.085 | ||||
| HSCL-Depb | Yes | 5.46*** | (4.12–7.23) | 5.30*** | (3.91–7.18) | 2.28*** | (1.53–3.42) | 0.134 | ||||
| HTQ-PTSDb | Yes | 5.09*** | (3.81–6.79) | 4.90*** | (3.57–6.73) | 1.97** | (1.32–2.94) | 0.536 | ||||
| Age | 30–39 years | 1.47* | (1.05–2.05) | 1.62* | (1.11–2.37) | 1.51* | (1.03–2.22) | 1.57* | (1.07–2.30) | 1.56* | (1.06–2.29) | |
| 40–49 years | 2.19*** | (1.52–3.14) | 2.53*** | (1.64–3.92) | 2.24*** | (1.45–3.46) | 2.28*** | (1.47–3.53) | 2.36*** | (1.52–3.67) | ||
| ≥ 50 years | 3.90*** | (2.60–5.85) | 3.90*** | (2.37–6.41) | 3.61*** | (2.20–5.94) | 3.77*** | (2.30–6.19) | 3.58*** | (2.17–5.91) | ||
| Marital status | Married/partner | 1.49** | (1.12–1.97) | 0.97 | (0.67–1.40) | 1.07 | (0.74–1.56) | 0.98 | (0.67–1.42) | 1.13 | (0.78–1.65) | |
| Prev. marriedc | 3.73*** | (2.19–6.36) | 1.92* | (1.03–3.59) | 1.90* | (1.02–3.56) | 1.92* | (1.03–3.58) | 2.12* | (1.12–3.99) | ||
| Immigration year | 2016/2017 | 1.17 | (0.90–1.50) | 1.06 | (0.79–1.42) | 1.18 | (0.88–1.59) | 1.06 | (0.79–1.42) | 1.17 | (0.86–1.58) | |
| PTE-AR | 0.20–0.39 | 1.44 | (1.00–2.07) | 1.34 | (0.92–1.95) | 1.33 | (0.91–1.94) | 1.21 | (0.83–1.76) | 1.21 | (0.83–1.78) | |
| ≥ 0.40 | 2.41*** | (1.72–3.38) | 1.65** | (1.15–2.36) | 1.52* | (1.06–2.19) | 1.41 | (0.98–2.03) | 1.26 | (0.87–1.82) | ||
Reference groups: men (gender); no (mental health variables); 18–29 years (age); unmarried (marital status); 2010–2015 (Immigration. year); < 0.20 (PTE-AR)
a Chronic pain (CP) was measured through 10 items answered on a 3-point Likert scale (no/somewhat/very troubled) and categorized into 3 groups: no CP (“no” on all 10 items); some CP (“somewhat troubled” on at least one item and no item as “very troubled”); and severe CP (“very troubled” on at least one item)
b Interaction between gender and each of the three mental health variables was tested using Wald test of H0 = no interaction (ns = p > 0.10). Interactions were tested sequentially – i.e., only one interaction term was tested at a time
c Category included: divorced/separated/widow(er)
d In order to evaluate the association between each individual measure of mental ill health and CP adjusted for background variables and PTE only (but not the other two mental ill health variables), three separate partially adjusted models were run (i.e. Models 2i, 2ii and 2iii)
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001