Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of the OAC Cohort, by Separate OACs
| Variable | Overall | Warfarin | Dabigatran | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | Edoxaban | SMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 64,112 | 30,068 | 6896 | 8191 | 18,815 | 142 | |
| Female n (%) | 27,643 (43.1) | 12,540 (41.7) | 2772 (40.2) | 3628 (44.3) | 8637 (45.9) | 66 (46.5) | 0.068 |
| Mean Age (SD) | 72.91 (11.18) | 73.14 (11.21) | 70.76 (11.21) | 72.74 (11.01) | 73.40 (11.09) | 73.06 (9.59) | 0.104 |
| Concomitant medication (1-year preceding index to 120 days post index), n (%) | |||||||
| NSAID (%) | 16,568 (25.8) | 7869 (26.2) | 1920 (27.8) | 2122 (25.9) | 4623 (24.6) | 34 (23.9) | 0.043 |
| Anti-platelet treatment, including low-dose aspirin (%) | 32,940 (51.4) | 17,361 (57.7) | 3128 (45.4) | 3808 (46.5) | 8586 (45.6) | 57 (40.1) | 0.147 |
| Per-oral antidiabetic drugs (%) | 6667 (10.4) | 3348 (11.1) | 625 (9.1) | 800 (9.8) | 1881 (10.0) | 13 (9.2) | 0.033 |
| Acid secretory drugs (%) | 17,964 (28.0) | 8166 (27.2) | 1780 (25.8) | 2230 (27.2) | 5742 (30.5) | 46 (32.4) | 0.073 |
| Heparin (%) | 3884 (6.1) | 2640 (8.8) | 233 (3.4) | 339 (4.1) | 669 (3.6) | 3 (2.1) | 0.129 |
| Anti-arrhythmic drugs class iii (%) | 5090 (7.9) | 2177 (7.2) | 459 (6.7) | 538 (6.6) | 1904 (10.1) | 12 (8.5) | 0.065 |
| Anti-hypertensives (%) | 1634 (2.5) | 881 (2.9) | 143 (2.1) | 162 (2.0) | 444 (2.4) | 4 (2.8) | 0.034 |
| Diuretics (%) | 21,735 (33.9) | 11,960 (39.8) | 1832 (26.6) | 2267 (27.7) | 5638 (30.0) | 38 (26.8) | 0.127 |
| Beta-blockers (%) | 51,007 (79.6) | 24,217 (80.5) | 5461 (79.2) | 6136 (74.9) | 15,097 (80.2) | 96 (67.6) | 0.145 |
| Calcium antagonists (%) | 19,527 (30.5) | 9761 (32.5) | 1830 (26.5) | 2386 (29.1) | 5508 (29.3) | 42 (29.6) | 0.054 |
| Renin-angiotensin system drugs (%) | 36,163 (56.4) | 17,344 (57.7) | 3685 (53.4) | 4487 (54.8) | 10,574 (56.2) | 73 (51.4) | 0.062 |
| Lipid-modifying drugs (%) | 30,423 (47.5) | 14,895 (49.5) | 2972 (43.1) | 3680 (44.9) | 8809 (46.8) | 67 (47.2) | 0.061 |
| Insulin (%) | 2299 (3.6) | 1284 (4.3) | 153 (2.2) | 234 (2.9) | 627 (3.3) | 1 (0.7) | 0.109 |
| Medical history (4 years preceding index), n (%) | |||||||
| Alcoholism (%) | 705 (1.1) | 300 (1.0) | 85 (1.2) | 91 (1.1) | 225 (1.2) | 4 (2.8) | 0.056 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 2750 (4.3) | 1513 (5.0) | 147 (2.1) | 249 (3.0) | 837 (4.4) | 4 (2.8) | 0.081 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 5089 (7.9) | 2874 (9.6) | 401 (5.8) | 526 (6.4) | 1278 (6.8) | 10 (7.0) | 0.061 |
| Hypertension (%) | 34,529 (53.9) | 16,090 (53.5) | 3640 (52.8) | 4507 (55.0) | 10,221 (54.3) | 71 (50.0) | 0.046 |
| Liver disease (%) | 567 (0.9) | 246 (0.8) | 56 (0.8) | 76 (0.9) | 187 (1.0) | 2 (1.4) | 0.027 |
| Stroke (%) | 4720 (7.4) | 2458 (8.2) | 428 (6.2) | 540 (6.6) | 1283 (6.8) | 11 (7.7) | 0.039 |
| Transient ischaemic attack (%) | 2789 (4.4) | 1414 (4.7) | 242 (3.5) | 342 (4.2) | 788 (4.2) | 3 (2.1) | 0.065 |
| Myocardial infarction (%) | 1897 (3.0) | 1055 (3.5) | 158 (2.3) | 185 (2.3) | 494 (2.6) | 5 (3.5) | 0.045 |
| Angina Pectoris (%) | 5906 (9.2) | 3251 (10.8) | 472 (6.8) | 624 (7.6) | 1551 (8.2) | 8 (5.6) | 0.087 |
| Peripheral artery disease (%) | 2232 (3.5) | 1166 (3.9) | 194 (2.8) | 258 (3.1) | 607 (3.2) | 7 (4.9) | 0.052 |
| Pulmonary embolism (%) | 378 (0.6) | 253 (0.8) | 25 (0.4) | 38 (0.5) | 62 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.061 |
| Prior major bleeding (critical organ) (%) | 4078 (6.4) | 1882 (6.3) | 393 (5.7) | 502 (6.1) | 1288 (6.8) | 13 (9.2) | 0.059 |
| Type 2 diabetes (%) | 9660 (15.1) | 4926 (16.4) | 904 (13.1) | 1152 (14.1) | 2664 (14.2) | 14 (9.9) | 0.084 |
| Dementia (%) | 1042 (1.6) | 449 (1.5) | 77 (1.1) | 153 (1.9) | 359 (1.9) | 4 (2.8) | 0.056 |
| COPD (%) | 5648 (8.8) | 2692 (9.0) | 505 (7.3) | 664 (8.1) | 1776 (9.4) | 11 (7.7) | 0.039 |
| Connective tissue disease (%) | 4888 (7.6) | 2245 (7.5) | 511 (7.4) | 631 (7.7) | 1488 (7.9) | 13 (9.2) | 0.029 |
| Leukaemia (%) | 187 (0.3) | 80 (0.3) | 16 (0.2) | 23 (0.3) | 68 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.038 |
| Lymphoma (%) | 458 (0.7) | 234 (0.8) | 37 (0.5) | 57 (0.7) | 129 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 0.012 |
| Solid tumour (%) | 8999 (14.0) | 3977 (13.2) | 892 (12.9) | 1169 (14.3) | 2934 (15.6) | 27 (19.0) | 0.080 |
| Risk scores, mean (SD) | |||||||
| CHA2dsVASc men | 2.14 (1.37) | 2.22 (1.41) | 1.90 (1.32) | 2.12 (1.34) | 2.12 (1.33) | 2.11 (1.20) | 0.099 |
| CHA2dsVASc women | 3.59 (1.29) | 3.68 (1.33) | 3.40 (1.28) | 3.47 (1.22) | 3.56 (1.26) | 3.32 (1.25) | 0.139 |
| Modified HAS-BLED Score | 2.14 (1.01) | 2.19 (1.00) | 2.03 (1.04) | 2.11 (0.99) | 2.12 (1.01) | 2.09 (1.00) | 0.069 |
| Co-Morbidity Index | 4.61 (1.86) | 4.66 (1.87) | 4.29 (1.79) | 4.55 (1.81) | 4.69 (1.87) | 4.79 (1.86) | 0.124 |
Abbreviations: COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NSAID Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, OAC Oral anticoagulant, SD Standard deviation, SMD Standardised mean difference