Fig. 1.

Validating ccRCC-associated circulating emRNAs and establishing an emRNA-based clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) early diagnostic signature. A Scatter plots showing the expression levels of ccRCC-associated circulating emRNAs, including CUL9, KMT2D, PBRM1, PREX2, and SETD2, between localized ccRCCs (n = 92) and healthy controls (n = 50) in the training phase. B Scatter plots showing the expression levels of KMT2D and PREX2 identified as significant biomarkers for ccRCC diagnosis by multivariate logistic regression analysis between localized ccRCCs (n = 106) and healthy controls (n = 97) in the validation phase. C, D ROC-AUC evaluation showed the diagnostic performance of the signature comprising KMT2D and PREX2 to distinguish localized ccRCCs from healthy controls in the training phase (n = 142) and validation phase (n = 203). ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; ROC, receiver operator characteristic; AUC, area under the curve