Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the discovery, test, training, and validation cohorts of participants
| Characteristics | Discovery set | Test set | Training set | Validation set | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ccRCC | Healthy | p | ccRCC | Healthy | p | ccRCC | Healthy | p | ccRCC | Healthy | p | Benign | p | |
| n = 12 | n = 22 | n = 16 | n = 20 | n = 92 | n = 50 | n = 106 | n = 97 | n = 73 | ||||||
| Age (years) | 0.500 | 0.438 | 0.062 | 0.125 | 0.176 | |||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 55.6 ± 15.4 | 52.1 ± 13.9 | 52.4 ± 11.6 | 55.9 ± 13.9 | 56.2 ± 11.8 | 59.8 ± 8.4 | 54.0 ± 11.0 | 55.9 ± 5.5 | 51.6 ± 12.7 | |||||
| Sex, n (%) | 0.297 | 0.157 | 0.153 | 0.294 | 0.000 | |||||||||
| Male | 8 (66.7) | 10 (45.5) | 13 (81.3) | 11 (55.0) | 66 (71.7) | 30 (60.0) | 73 (68.9) | 60 (61.9) | 30 (41.1) | |||||
| Female | 4 (33.3) | 12 (54.5) | 3 (18.7) | 9 (45.0) | 26 (28.3) | 20 (40.0) | 33 (31.1) | 37 (38.1) | 43 (58.9) | |||||
| Tumor size (cm) | ||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 3. 5 ± 1.6 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 4.8 ± 2.8 | |||||||||
| Tumor stage, n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| T1a | 10 (83.3) | 13 (81.3) | 69 (75.0) | 77 (72.6) | ||||||||||
| T1b | 2 (16.7) | 3 (18.7) | 19 (20.7) | 24 (22.6) | ||||||||||
| T2 | 0 | 0 | 4 (4.3) | 5 (4.7) | ||||||||||
| Pathological grade (WHO/ISUP), n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 (8.3) | 1 (6.3) | 6 (6.5) | 10 (9.4) | ||||||||||
| 2 | 9 (75.0) | 14 (87.5) | 75 (81.5) | 92 (86.8) | ||||||||||
| 3 | 1(8.3) | 1 (6.3) | 10 (10.9) | 4 (3.8) | ||||||||||
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 0 | ||||||||||
| Unclassified | 1 (8.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Abbreviation: ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma