Properties of H. influenzae MsrAB and accessory redox proteins (A) Schematic representation of the MsrAB reaction cycle. Pox, Pred—generic oxidised or reduced protein, TrxR—Thioredoxin Reductase, Trx—thioredoxin, Trxe—extracellular thioredoxin (B) Activity of rMsrAB and rMsrAB-Sp in an endpoint activity assay (C) Purified components of rMsrAB activity assay (D) Activity of the redox rMsrAB assay thioredoxin-based redox module using either insulin or oxidised glutathione (GSSG) as the artificial substrate. rMsrAB—recombinant methionine sulfoxide reductase activity, rTrxR—recombinant thioredoxin reductase, rTrx—recombinant thioredoxin, rTrxe—recombinant extracellular thioredoxin. Structural representations of MsrAB and CcdA (Panel A) are based on Alphafold database models. Panel A was generated using BioRender.