TABLE 4.
Effects of opioid receptor antagonists on tonic luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in female mammals under stressful conditions.
| Antagonist | Receptors | Effects | Treatments | Species | Ovarian states | References |
| Naloxone | μ- > κ- >> δ- | Restored | Electric shock stress | Rat | Proestrus | Hulse and Coleman, 1983 |
| Restored | 120-h fasting | Rat | OVX | Dyer et al., 1985 | ||
| Restored | 48-h fasting | Rat | OVX + low E21 | Cagampang et al., 1991 | ||
| Restored | hypoglycemia by insulin | Sheep | OVX | Clarke et al., 1990 | ||
| Restored | lipopolysaccharide | Cattle | OVX | Kujjo et al., 1995 | ||
| Restored | lipopolysaccharide | Rhesus monkey | OVX | Xiao et al., 2000 | ||
| Restored | CRH | Rhesus monkey | OVX | Gindoff and Ferin, 1987 | ||
| Restored | AVP | Rhesus monkey | OVX | Xiao et al., 1996 | ||
| Restored | CGRP | Rat | OVX | Bowe et al., 2005 | ||
| β-funaltrexamine | μ- | Restored | CRH | Rat | OVX | Rivest et al., 1993 |
| Naloxonazine | μ- | Restored | CRH | Rat | OVX | Rivest et al., 1993 |
| CTOP | μ- | Restored | Glucoprivation by 2DG | Rat | OVX + low E21 | Tsuchida et al., 2021 |
| nor-BNI | κ- | No effect | CRH | Rat | OVX | Rivest et al., 1993 |
| Restored | Glucoprivation by 2DG | Rat | OVX + low E21 | Tsuchida et al., 2020 |
CTOP, D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; AVP, Arg-vasopressin; CGPR, calcitonin gene-related peptide; 2DG, 2-deoxy-D-glucose.
1OVX rats treated with a diestrous level of E2.