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. 2022 Jul 27;11(8):1466. doi: 10.3390/antiox11081466

Figure 1.

Figure 1

PLpro expression up-regulates genes of IFN pathways and pro-inflammatory cytokines in epithelial cells. (A) PLpro mRNA expression in Calu-3, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells after transfection with plasmid for PLpro (PLpro) or empty vector (pCMV3). (B) Bar plots of the 10 most abundant pathways for commonly up-regulated genes investigated in Calu-3, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells after transfection with plasmid for PLpro (PLpro) or empty vector (pCMV3). Relative mRNA expression of IFNA1, IFNA7, ATF4, CREB3, CREB3L4, HIST3H3, HIST1H3F, HIST1H3H, MCF2L genes measured by qRT-PCR in Calu-3 (C), Caco-2 (D), and HepG2 (E) cells transfected with plasmid for PLpro (PLpro) or empty vector (pCMV3). Relative mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α genes measured by qRT-PCR in Calu-3 (F), Caco-2 (G), and HepG2 (H) cells transfected with plasmid for PLpro (PLpro) or empty vector (pCMV3). Data are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments repeated at least in triplicate. Data were analyzed by 2-tailed t-tests, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.