Table 3.

3D anthropometric measurements describing parts of the face in subjects with PWS as compared to healthy subjects.

	Anthropometric Definition	Measurement		Mean Z-score	SD	p
Mandible	Mandibular ramus length	tm-gom		−1.0	0.9	0.0009
	Mandibular body length	pg-gom		0.8	1.0	0.0143
	Gonial angle	t-go-pg	R	−1.6	1.1	0.0001 *
			L	−1.8	1.3	0.0001 *
Eyes	Biocular width	ex-ex		−0.9	1.1	0.0035
	Interocular width	en-en		0.1	1.0	0.6350
	Palpebral fissure length	en-ex	R	−1.1	0.6	0.0001 *
			L	−1.2	0.9	0.0001 *
	Inclination of orbit versus the Frankfurt plane	os-or-t	R	0.8	0.9	0.0038
			L	1.0	0.7	0.0001 *
Ears	Auricle height	sa-sba	R	0.2	1.0	0.5520
			L	0.5	1.1	0.1094
	Auricle width	pra-pa	R	−0.1	1.2	0.7973
			L	0.3	1.1	0.3345
	Inclination of the auricle versus the facial midplane	ear angle	R	−0.8	1.0	0.0075
			L	−1.2	1.2	0.0014
Mouth	Mouth width	ch-ch		−0.3	1.4	0.4543
	Philtrum length	sn-ls		−0.3	1.2	0.3905
	Philtrum width	cph-cph		−0.5	0.8	0.0281
	Upper vermillion height	ls-sto		−1.1	0.9	0.0002 *
	Lower vermillion height	li-sto		−1.0	1.3	0.0049
	Mouth height/width	(ls-li)/(ch-ch)		−0.9	1.1	0.0013
Nose	Nasal height	n-sn		−0.2	0.8	0.4305
	Nasal width	al-al		0.7	1.0	0.0225
	Nasal protrusion	prn-sn		0.1	0.8	0.6889
	Nasal tip angle	n-prn-sn		−0.2	1.0	0.3714

R, right side; L, left side; m, mid-landmark; SD, standard deviation; p, probability value of paired two-sided Student’s t test; *, p < 0.0006 (significance threshold after the Bonferroni correction). Mean z scores ≥ |1| are highlighted in bold.