Table 2.
Successful experiences of controlling carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in outbreak and non-outbreak periods.
| No. | Year (Country) of Publication |
Nature of Study (Setting) |
Infection Control Measures | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2010 (Korea) | Observational study during outbreak (ICU) |
Enforcing contact precautions, environmental cleaning, and use of a closed-suctioning system | [15] |
| 2 | 2010 (Australia) | Observational study during outbreak (ICU) |
Single room isolation with contact precautions; using commercial oxidizing disinfectant with ICU closure for 3 days | [16] |
| 3 | 2011 (USA) | Observational study during outbreak (NICU) |
Active surveillance cultures of all infants, cohorting of affected infants and their nursing staff, contact isolation, environmental cleaning, and use of educational modules | [3] |
| 4 | 2015 (Greece) | Observational study during outbreak (NICU) |
Active surveillance (weekly stool samples), staff education, daily infection control audits and discontinuation of new admissions for 12 days | [4] |
| 5 | 2018 (Israel) | Observational study during outbreak (ICU) |
Unit closure for 3 days, environmental cleaning, hand hygiene interventions, and environmental culture | [17] |
| 6 | 2021 (Italy) | Observational study during outbreak (ICU) |
Enforcing hand hygiene, contact precautions to all patients, enhanced environmental sampling, and one-time application of a cycling radical environmental cleaning and disinfection | [18] |
| 7 | 2014 (USA) | Quasi-experimental study (public hospital) | Weekly and systematic dissemination of the findings of infection control interventions | [19] |
| 8 | 2014 (Korea) | Intervention study (tertiary hospital) |
Onsite education and hand hygiene campaign in addition to cohorting, active surveillance, and environmental cleaning | [20] |
| 9 | 2015 (Korea) | Intervention study (MICU) a | Daily chlorhexidine bathing | [21] |
| 10 | 2017 (Korea) | Intervention study (MICU) | Universal glove and gown use with daily chlorhexidine bathing for all patients in addition to surveillance cultures, contact precautions, and environmental cleaning | [22] |
| 11 | 2019 (Japan) | Quasi-experimental study (ICU) | Active surveillance upon admission, weekly thereafter, and upon discharge | [23] |
| 12 | 2020 (Thailand) | Intervention study (NICU) a | Use of heat and moisture exchangers and sodium hypochlorite cleaning (5000 ppm in the NICU and 500 ppm in the environment) | [24] |
| 13 | 2020 (Israel) | Intervention study (secondary-care hospital) |
Maintaining a case registry of all CRAB patients, cohorting patients under strict contact isolation, using dedicated nursing staff and equipment, rigorous cleaning, education and close monitoring of hospital staff, and involvement of hospital management | [25] |
| 14 | 2021 (Israel) | Intervention study (NSICU) a | Wall painting using a water based acrylic paint following patient discharge and terminal cleaning with Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (sodium troclosene) | [26] |
| 15 | 2021 (German) | Retrospective study (university hospital) |
Single-room isolation and mandatory personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns, and surgical mask) for staff when caring for CRAB patients, and using disposable medical items | [27] |
| 16 | 2022 (Korea) | Intervention study (MICU) | Renovated from a multi-bed bay room to single rooms for isolation of CRAB patients | [28] |
ICU, intensive care unit; MICU, medical intensive care unit; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; NSICU, neurosurgical intensive care unit: Ref, references. a using interrupted time series analysis.