Table 3.
Background nutrient intake in the placebo and PMBE group at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks (post-intervention) and mean change from baseline to 12 weeks post-intervention (∆) 1.
| Time | ∆ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrients | Baseline | 6-Weeks | 12-Weeks | |
| Energy (kJ) | ||||
| Placebo | 8554.9 (391.5) | 8489.3 (373.6) | 8452.4 (421.1) | −102.4 (327.3) |
| PMBE | 8307.1 (359.2) | 8364.8 (434.8) | 8689.8 (356.8) | 371.3 (318.8) |
| Protein (%E) 2 | ||||
| Placebo | 18.8 (0.8) | 19.0 (0.9) | 19.1 (0.9) | 0.2 (0.9) |
| PMBE | 18.7 (0.5) | 17.4 (0.8) | 17.5 (0.7) | −1.2 (0.6) |
| CHO (%E) | ||||
| Placebo | 39.1 (1.4) | 38.3 (1.4) | 39.1 (1.6) | 0.08 (1.3) |
| PMBE | 39.3 (1.4) | 39.9 (1.3) | 40.0 (1.3) | 1.0 (1.4) |
| Fat (%E) | ||||
| Placebo | 36.1 (1.3) | 35.9 (1.5) | 35.7 (1.5) | −0.5 (1.3) |
| PMBE | 36.0 (1.1) | 35.2 (1.1) | 35.4 (0.9) | −0.7 (1.2) |
| Sat Fat (%E) | ||||
| Placebo | 13.0 (0.7) | 13.3 (0.8) | 13.2 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.8) |
| PMBE | 13.5 (0.6) | 13.0 (0.6) | 13.1 (0.5) | −0.5 (0.6) |
| Trans fat (%E) | ||||
| Placebo | 0.6 (0.08) | 0.5 (0.05) | 0.6 (0.04) | −0.04 (0.08) |
| PMBE | 0.6 (0.04) | 0.6 (0.04) | 0.6 (0.04) | −0.05 (0.05) |
| Cholesterol (mg) | ||||
| Placebo | 328.1 (41.1) | 288.7 (31.6) | 306.3 (27.5) | −21.8 (42.9) |
| PMBE | 363.3 (26.9) | 288.4 (29.3) | 314.7 (26.3) | −32.9 (27.7) |
| Sugars (g) | ||||
| Placebo | 91.6 (6.9) | 91.3 (5.2) | 90.4 (5.7) | −1.2 (6.3) |
| PMBE | 90.9 (6.3) | 93.3 (7.0) | 93.7 (6.8) | 3.5 (6.1) |
| Fibre (g) | ||||
| Placebo | 29.0 (1.9) | 28.9 (1.9) | 29.1 (2.4) | 0.06 (1.5) |
| PMBE | 28.0 (1.6) | 27.6 (1.5) | 28.2 (1.5) | 0.2 (1.7) |
| Sodium (mg) | ||||
| Placebo | 2417.9 (164.3) | 1984.1 (116.4) | 2094.7 (133.3) | −323.1 (197.4) |
| PMBE | 2365.9 (118.8) | 2247.3 (167.9) | 2520.6 (192.3) | 174.8 (213.5) |
| Alcohol (g) | ||||
| Placebo | 7.6 (2.8) | 9.9 (3.0) | 8.4 (2.3) | 0.8 (1.5) |
| PMBE | 7.7 (1.8) | 10.9 (2.5) | 10.5 (1.9) | 2.3 (2.0) |
Dietary data from 3-day food diaries were evaluated using FoodWorks, Xyris®, Professional Edition Version 10.0.4266. Values are reported as mean (SEM). Independent samples t-test was used to compare baseline data and mean change data across groups. Paired samples t-test was used to compare change from baseline to post-intervention within groups. 1 Baseline data are for all participants who commenced the trial (n = 30 placebo, n = 32 intervention). For the active group, data at 6 weeks represent 31 participants and data at 12 weeks represent 30 participants who remained in the trial at the timepoints. 2 Data are presented for participants who completed the trial (N = 60). CHO, carbohydrates; PMBE, Pinus massoniana bark extract; %E refers to the percentage of dietary energy that is contributed by the relevant macronutrient; ∆, change from baseline to post-intervention.