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Schematic for putative NAC protection pathways. Cytotoxic effects of an electrophilic agent are accompanied by ROS production, GSH depletion, and eventually result in cell death. Panel (a) NAC prevents all adverse effects including cell death by direct scavenging of the ROS. Panel (b) NAC prevents all adverse effects including cell death by GSH repletion, i.e., indirect ROS scavenging.
