Table 1.

Rate and equilibrium constants of proteins binding to PD–L1.

Antibody	Ka 1/Ms	Kd 1/s	KD M	R2−
Anti-PD-L1 mAb	1.82 × 105	4.48 × 10−6	2.469 × 10−11	0.9834
IAB	9.50 × 104	1.80 × 10−4	1.894 × 10−9	0.9786
Pro1	8.40 × 104	1.0 × 10−7	<1.0 × 10−12	0.9683
Pro2	7.52 × 104	2.85 × 10−7	3.794 × 10−12	0.9861
Pro3	7.21 × 104	3.05 × 10−7	4.229 × 10−12	0.9863