Table 3.
Studies with Combined Treatments.
| Author, Year, Country | Study Type | No. Cases vs. Controls | Dosage, Duration | Additional Treatments | Baseline C Measured | Wound Type | Study Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barbosa et al., 2009, Brazil | RCT | 17 vs. 15 | 1 week, 1.5× UL, t.i.d. | Vit E and Zn | Yes, no sig. difference between groups | Burns | No differences in CRP. No. of days to complete tissue repair sig. lower in active group (p < 0.001). |
| Blass et al., 2012, Germany | RCT | 10 vs. 10 | 2 weeks, 2 sachets bd, 500 mg vit C | Vit E, A, Selenium, Zn, Glutamine | Yes, no sig. difference between groups | Trauma patients | CRP decreased in placebo group (p = 0.037). Wound closure faster in active group (29 vs. 58 days) (p = 0.01). No change in LoS. |
| Cereda et al., 2009, Italy | RCT | 13 vs. 15 | Oral 500 mg, tube fed 380 mg vit C daily | Protein, Arginine, Zn | No. Food diary, no differences at baseline. | Pressure ulcers | Greater reduction in wound surface area at 8-week follow-up in active group (57% vs. 33%) (p < 0.02). Sig. reduction in PUSH scores vs. controls (p < 0.05). |
| Desneves et al., 2005, Australia | RCT | 6 vs. 5 vs. 5 | 3 weeks, 2× day 72 mg OR 500 mg vit C | Zn, Arginine | Yes, no differences | Pressure ulcers | Increase in vitamin C in group 3. PUSH score at week 3 sig. lower in group treated with vit. C (p < 0.05) with sig. improvements in PU surface area (p < 0.01). |
| Frias Soriano et al., 2004, Spain | Prospective | 39 | 1–3× day for 3 weeks; 250 mg vit C | Protein, Vit E, Zn | No | Pressure ulcers | Reduced wound area (p < 0.001), exudate in infected ulcers (p = 0.012) and amount of necrotic tissue (p = 0.001). |
| Kjaer et al., 2020, Denmark | RCT | 11 vs. 10 | 4 weeks, 1250 mg vit C daily | Arginine, Glutamine, Zn | No | Hernia repair | Serum procollagen propeptide concentrations decreased post-op in control group vs. active group (p < 0.05). |
| Van Anholt et al., 2010, The Netherlands | RCT | 22 vs. 21 | 250 t.i.d. for 8 weeks; 250 mg vit C | Vit A, E, Zn, Cu protein, sel, arginine, folate | Yes, 23 mmol/L in tx group vs. 19.8 in control, 60.2 vs. 26.6 at end of study | Pressure ulcers | Decreased ulcer size vs. controls (p < 0.016). Fewer dressing changes required per week (p < 0.045). Serum vit C sig. increased (p = 0.015). |
| Vaxman et al., 1995, France | RCT | 18 vs. 22 | 1000 mg daily for 3 weeks | Pantothenic acid | Yes, no differences reported | Tattoo resection | Serum vit. C increased in active group vs. decreased in controls. No change in healing process. |
| Yarahmadi et al., 2021, Iran | RCT | 13 vs. 12 | 250 mg 2× day for 8 weeks | Vit E and PRP-FG dressing | No | Foot ulcers | Wound size reduced in both groups, and sig. greater in active group (p = 0.019). Decrease in CRP in active group (p < 0.05). |
vit = vitamin, Zn = zinc, CRP = C-reactive protein, LoS = length of stay, PU = pressure ulcer, PUSH = pressure ulcer scale for healing, PRP-FG = platelet-rich plasma-fibrin glue, sig. = significant, tx = treatment.