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The major components of intervertebral discs. Intervertebral discs (IVDs) are located across the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions of the spinal column. IVDs consist of a central NP (nucleus pulposus), outer AF (annulus fibrosus) area, and interdependent and structurally connected CEP (cartilaginous endplate). The region-specific ECM structures, which include the proteoglycan-rich NP and collagen-rich AF, are maintained by separate cell populations.
