Table 1.
ECM synthesis-related collagen genes associated with IVDD.
| Protein | Encoded Genes | Remarks | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collagen I α-1 | COL1A1 | The rs1800012 polymorphism in COL1A1 is linked to IVDD susceptibility. | [48,49] |
| Collagen I α-2 | COL1A2 | COL1A2 regulates collagen activity during development and mature tissue regeneration. | [50,51] |
| Collagen II α-1 | COL2A1 | COL2A1 polymorphisms are linked to IVDD risk and clinical pathological characteristics in a Chinese Han population. | [52] |
| Collagen IX α-1 | COL9A1 | COL9A1 is strongly cross-linked to type II collagen and other type IX collagen molecules in NP cells. | [53] |
| Collagen IX α-2 | COL9A2 | IVDD is linked to collagen IX α chains encoded by different alleles. | [54,55,56] |
| Collagen IX α-3 | COL9A3 | IL-1β gene mutation alters COL9A3 gene polymorphism, which modifies the effect of obesity on IVDD. | [57,58] |
| Collagen XI α-1 | COL11A1 | A COL11A1 genetic variation is functionally linked to IVDD in a Chinese population. | [59] |
| Collagen XI α-2 | COL11A2 | COL11A2 polymorphism is linked to IVDD in a Chinese Han population. | [60] |
IVDD: intravertebral disc degeneration; ECM: extracellular matrix; NP: nucleus pulposus; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta.