| PAS | Passive Aggression Scale |
| DSM | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
| ICD | International Classification of Diseases |
| PAPD | Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder |
| SNS | Social Networking Service |
| SPSS | Statistical Package for Social Sciences |
| AMOS | Analysis of Moment Structure |
| EFA | Exploratory Factor Analysis |
| CFA | Confirmatory Factor Analyses |
| TLI | Tucker–Lewis Index |
| CFI | Comparative Fit Index |
| RMSEA | Root Mean Square Error of Approximation |
| SRMR | Standardized Root Mean Square Residual |
| CR | Composite reliability |
| AVE | Average Variance Extracted |
| EDMT | Ewha Defense Mechanism Test |
| DSQ | Defense Style Questionnaire |
| MPDS | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Personality Disorder Scale |
| MMPI | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory |
| BDHI | Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory |
| Ho | Cook–Medley Hostility Scale |
| STAXI | State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory |