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. 2022 Aug 4;11(8):1523. doi: 10.3390/antiox11081523

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of diets enriched with different supplemental levels of omega-3NPs (omega-3 nano particles) on real-time PCR analysis of autophagy-related genes [autophagy genes (atg5 and atg1microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain (LC3) and Beclin-1 (BCLN-1)), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)], and caspapase-1 in Nile tilapia post-challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Data are expressed as means ± SE. Bars with different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Control: basal diet without omega-3-NPs omega-3-NPsI, II, and III: basal diet supplemented with omega-3-NPs at levels of 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg diet, respectively.