Table 5.
Meat fatty acid analysis, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant biomarker of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed diets enriched with various levels of omega-3-NPs.
| Parameters | Supplemental Omega-3-NPs (g/kg Diet) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | I | II | III | p Value | SEM | |
| ΣSFAs | 17.23 a | 16.93 ab | 16.27 b | 15.2 c | <0.02 | 0.25 |
| ΣMUSFAs | 25.23 a | 24.3 ab | 23.2 b | 22.1 c | <0.001 | 0.39 |
| Σn − 3 | 5.9 d | 8.31 c | 11.39 b | 16.33 a | <0.04 | 0.47 |
| Σn − 6 | 53.46 a | 45.36 b | 40.22 c | 35.69 d | <0.02 | 0.29 |
| ΣPUFAs | 59.36 ab | 58.79 b | 61.315 a | 61.58 a | <0.008 | 0.24 |
| n6/n3 | 9.06 a | 5.45 b | 3.53 c | 2.19 d | <0.001 | 0.13 |
| MDA (nmol/g tissue) | 21.30 a | 19.40 ab | 19.60 ab | 17.87 b | 0.045 | 1.40 |
| ROS | 112.80 a | 96.20 b | 67.23 c | 56.57 d | <0.001 | 19.91 |
| T-AOC (U/mg prot) | 0.83 d | 1.62 c | 2.27 b | 3.73 a | <0.001 | 0.03 |
| H2O2 (μmoL/g tissue) | 4.73 a | 3.33 b | 2.23 c | 1.69 c | <0.001 | 0.09 |
SFAs (total saturated fatty acids), MUFAs (total monounsaturated fatty acids), PUFAs (poly-unsaturated fatty acids). ∑n − 6 PUFAs (total of n − 6 poly-unsaturated fatty acids). ∑n − 3 PUFAs = total of n − 3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids. MDA (malondialdehyde), ROS: (reactive oxygen species), T-AOC: (total antioxidant ability), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide). Mean values with a variety of letters in the same row change significantly at p < 0.05, omega-NPs (omega-3 nanoparticles), SEM (standard error of the mean).