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. 2022 Aug 9;13:958123. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958123

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Copyright © 2022 Cavazzini, Spagnoli, Mariz, Reggiani, Maggi, Franceschi, Donofrio, Müller, Bolchi and Ottonello

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunogenic performance of the +21 PfTrx-(HPV16-L2)_3x antigen. (A) Neutralizing antibody titers against HPV16 induced in mice immunized intramuscularly with the AddaVax-adjuvanted +21 PfTrx- and wt-PfTrx-based PfTrx(HPV16-L2)_3x antigens, measured with the pseudovirion-based L1 neutralization assay. The results shown are the neutralization titers of individual immune-sera from mice (10 animals/group) immunized with +21 PfTrx- or wt-PfTrx-based antigens as indicated; the geometric means of the titers for each group are indicated by horizontal lines. (B) Same as (A) but with the use of a shorter immunization protocol (i.e., immune sera collected after two rather than three boost injections) applied to two groups of five animals each. (C) HPV16 neutralizing antibody titers of immune-sera from mice (8 animals/group) vaccinated with the unadjuvanted wt-PfTrx-(HPV16-L2)_3x antigen (black circles), or with the AddaVax (50% v/v) or the cyclic di-AMP (7.5 μg/dose)-adjuvanted +21 PfTrx-(HPV16-L2)_3x antigen (grey circles) as indicated. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was evaluated with the non-parametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, with the exclusion of intergroup comparisons in which neutralization titers for one of the two groups were close to zero.