. 2022 Jul 28;11(8):1478. doi: 10.3390/antiox11081478

Table 3.

Actual efficiency of PSII, maximal efficiency of PSII, intrinsic efficiency of PSII, photochemical quenching, non-photochemical quenching, and electron transport rate of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Rasi after foliar treatment of plants with 200 µL L⁻¹ ethephon (Eth), 100 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or 200 µM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) grown with or without high temperature stress (HS; 40 °C) or 100 µM hypotaurine (HT), 100 µM 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5 -tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) or 100 µM norbornadiene (NBD) scavengers of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), nitric oxide (NO), and ethylene action inhibitors, respectively, with HS at 15 days after sowing. Data are presented as treatments mean ± SE (n = 4). The values followed by the same letters did not differ significantly by LSD test at p < 0.05.

Treatments	Actual Efficiency of PSII	Maximum Efficiency of PSII	Intrinsic Efficiency of PSII	Photochemical Quenching	Non-Photochemical Quenching	Electron Transport Rate
Control	0.611 ± 0.025 ^bcdefg	0.797 ± 0.042 ^bcdefg	0.721 ± 0.038 ^abcde	0.671 ± 0.037 ^bcdefghi	0.582 ± 0.035 ^cdefgh	153.7 ± 8.6 ^ef
HS	0.472 ± 0.015 ^h	0.601 ± 0.021 ^h	0.598 ± 0.018 ^e	0.543 ± 0.021 ⁱ	0.799 ± 0.055 ^a	121.4 ± 6.4 ^g
Eth	0.725 ± 0.040 ^ab	0.854 ± 0.067 ^ab	0.826 ± 0.066 ^ab	0.811 ± 0.056 ^abcd	0.471 ± 0.027 ^fgh	220.1 ± 10.7 ^abcd
SNP	0.719 ± 0.036 ^ab	0.847 ± 0.062 ^ab	0.820 ± 0.063 ^ab	0.801 ± 0.054 ^abcd	0.483 ± 0.031 ^efgh	215.8 ± 10.3 ^abcd
NaHS	0.709 ± 0.034 ^abc	0.839 ± 0.060 ^abc	0.814 ± 0.059 ^abc	0.798 ± 0.051 ^abcde	0.492 ± 0.033 ^defgh	210.6 ± 9.5 ^bcd
HS + Eth	0.687 ± 0.032 ^abcd	0.825 ± 0.058 ^abcd	0.769 ± 0.051 ^abcd	0.775 ± 0.048 ^abcdefg	0.597 ± 0.037 ^cdefg	202.5 ± 9.2 ^cd
HS + SNP	0.679 ± 0.029 ^abcde	0.819 ± 0.052 ^abcde	0.758 ± 0.047 ^abcde	0.769 ± 0.045 ^abcdefg	0.606 ± 0.039 ^cdef	198.3 ± 9.1 ^d
HS + NaHS	0.674 ± 0.026 ^abcde	0.811 ± 0.047 ^abcde	0.749 ± 0.042 ^abcde	0.754 ± 0.040 ^abcdefgh	0.611 ± 0.041 ^cde	191.4 ± 8.9 ^d
HS + Eth + HT	0.538 ± 0.021 ^fgh	0.760 ± 0.028 ^fgh	0.676 ± 0.026 ^bcde	0.624 ± 0.030 ^ghi	0.667 ± 0.050 ^bc	136.5 ± 8.1 ^efg
HS + SNP + HT	0.529 ± 0.018 ^fgh	0.751 ± 0.023 ^fgh	0.654 ± 0.021 ^cde	0.611 ± 0.027 ^hi	0.679 ± 0.052 ^abc	130.8 ± 7.4 ^fg
HS + NaHS + NBD	0.576 ± 0.023 ^defgh	0.780 ± 0.038 ^defgh	0.705 ± 0.033 ^abcde	0.656 ± 0.034 ^defghi	0.635 ± 0.044 ^c	146.6 ± 8.4 ^efg
HS + NaHS + cPTIO	0.563 ± 0.022 ^efgh	0.771 ± 0.030 ^efgh	0.694 ± 0.030 ^abcde	0.642 ± 0.032 ^efghi	0.642 ± 0.046 ^c	141.2 ± 8.2 ^efg