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. 2022 Aug 3;12(8):593. doi: 10.3390/bios12080593

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of experimental stages occurring on the SPCE. (1): The formation of SPCE/AuNS by electrodeposition; (2): SPCE/AuNS/SAM formation; (3): the activation of the SPCE/AuNS/SAM by EDC-NHS mixture following SPCE/AuNS/SAM/rSpike formation; (4): ethanolamine blocking of remaining active functional groups and SPCE/AuNS/SAM/rSpike/anti-rSpike immunocomplex formation via the interaction between immobilized rSpike protein and the anti-rSpike antibodies present in the aliquot.