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Biosynthesis of PUFA: (left) the omega-6 series starting linoleic acid; (right) the omega-3 series starting alpha-linolenic acid. Enzymes: ELO elongase; Δ5-, Δ6-, and Δ9-desaturase; β-oxidase. Numerical abbreviations describing the position and cis geometry of the double bonds (e.g., 9c), as well as the notation of the carbon chain length and total number of unsaturations (e.g., 18:2); in parentheses are the acronyms used in this work (e.g., ARA for arachidonic acid).
