Figure 1.
Effect of osteopontin (OPN), αs1-casein (A-Cas), β-casein (B-Cas), κ-casein (K-Cas), α-lactalbumin (A-Lac), β-lactoglobulin (B-Lac) and crude skim milk protein (Milk) on the adhesion of Actinomyces naeslundii (a), Lactobacillus paracasei (b) and Streptococcus mitis (c). Summary data from three biological replicates. For each treatment, adhesion was quantified in nine fields of view. Bars normalized to control group. Error bars = SD. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test).