Table 3.
Methodology of urinary exosome extraction and characterization in eligible studies.
| Study | Sample | Urinary EV isolation methods | Characterization | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEM | NTA | WB | |||
| Benito-Martin, 2013 (44) | Morning urine with protease inhibitors cocktail | Ultracentrifugation + DTT | * | TSG101, CD63 | |
| Shankhajit De, 2017 (45) | Fresh second urine with protease inhibitors | Ultracentrifugation + CD63 or CD81 isolation kit (Invitrogen) | * | * | CD81, TSG101, ALIX |
| Gudehithlu, 2015 (47) | Fresh urine sample (50–100mL) with 2.5 mM DTT and protease inhibitors cocktail | Ultracentrifugation | |||
| Kalani, 2013 (36) | Spot urine | Ultracentrifugation | TSG101 | ||
| Sakurai, 2019 (46) | Urine samples (50–150 mL) | Sucrose density gradients+ ultracentrifugation | CD63, CD81, CD9 | ||
| Sun, 2012 (40) | 24-hour urine | Immunoprecipitation | * | ||
| Zubiri, 2015 (38) | Urine with protease inhibitors cocktail | DTT+ ultracentrifugation+ depleted albumin and IgG using ProteoPrep Immunoaffinity Albumin and IgG Depletion Kit (Sigma) |
* | Alix, calnexin | |
| Zubiri, 2014 (39) | Second-morning urine with a protease-inhibitors cocktail | Comparison of three methods: ①ultracentrifugation ②DTT+ ultracentrifugation ③Exoquick® commercial reagent Comparison of three commercial kits to deplete high abundance protein: ①Albumin Removal SwellGel Discs (Pierce) ②Albusorb® (Biotech Support Group) ③ProteoPrep® Immunoaffinity Albumin & IgG Depletion Kit |
* | Alix, TSG101, Calnexin | |
| Kaminska,2016 (13) | First-morning urine (50mL) | Ultracentrifugation | * | ||
| Luca Musante, 2015 (37) | First-morning void urine (15mL) | Hydrostatic filtration dialysis | TSG101 | ||
| Wu Fan, 2018 (41) | 24-hour urine | Hydrostatic filtration dialysis | * | * | TSG101 |
| Wang Lili, 2020 (42) | First-morning urine (100mL) | 0.22μm filtration + ultracentrifugation | * | TSG101, CD63 | |
| Chen Zhengxu, 2021 (43) | First-morning urine (10mL) | Exoquick® commercial reagent | |||
*: The method of characterization had been conducted.