Table 2.
The source, expression, and mechanisms of exosomal noncoding RNAs in ischemic stroke.
| Source | RNA | Expression | Target/Mechanisms | Function/Effects of Dysregulation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exosomes from HUVECs subjected to OGD | lncRNA RMRP | / | miR-206, miR-1-3p and RMRP/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway | Increased cell viability and decreased infarct volume by regulating apoptosis and inducing eNOS activation | Zhong [22] |
| Exosomes from ischemic-preconditioned astrocytes | circSHOC2 | Upregulation | circSHOC2/miR-7670-3p/SIRT1 | Decreased infarct volume and neurobehavioral deficits by reducing neuronal apoptosis via regulating autophagy |
Chen [23] |
| Serum exosomes from patients with carotid plaque | circRNA-0006896 | Increased levels in UA group | circRNA-0006896-miR1264-DNMT1/SOCS3/JNK/STAT3 axis | Promoted endothelial cell migration and proliferation, induced plaque destabilization | Yan [24] |
| Exosomes from ischemic mouse primary cortical neurons and plasma of AIS patients | CircOGDH | Upregulation | CircOGDH/miR-5112/COL4A4 | Knockdown relieved neuronal injury by inhibiting apoptosis The expression was positively related to the size of penumbra in AIS patients |
Liu [25] |
| Exosomes from OGD/R-induced SK-N-SH cells | circ_0000647 | Upregulation | circ_0000647/miR-126-5p/TRAF3 | Accelerate apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and inhibit cell proliferation | Dai [26] |
| Serum exosomes from AIS patients | circFUNDC1 | Upregulation | circFUNDC1/miR-375/PTEN | Knockdown promoted cell survival and angiogenesis | Bai [27] |
| Exosomes from ADSCs | circAkap7 | / | circAkap7/miR-155-5p/ATG12, NRF2 | Protected against cerebral ischemic injury by promoting autophagy and inhibiting oxidative stress | Xu [28] |
| Exosomes from ADSCs | cir_Rps5 | Upregulation | cir_Rps5/miR-124-3p/SIRT7 axis | Improved ischemic induced cognitive function via decreasing neuronal damage in the hippocampus | Yang [29] |
| RVG-circSCMH1-EVs | circular RNA SCMH1 | / | circSCMH1/MeCP2/Mobp, Igfbp3, Fxyd1, and Prodh | Enhanced functional recovery including promotion of brain plasticity, reduced glial activation, and peripheral immune cell infiltration | Yang [30] |
| RBP-Exo/AMO181a-chol | miR-181a | / | Bcl-2 | Decreased infarct volume by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis | Kim [31] |