Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory data, therapeutics, outcomes and complications in severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
| Parameters N = 600 |
Patients without AKI N = 390 |
Patients with mild AKI N = 78 |
Patients with severe AKI N = 132 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical data and comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Age, years (median quartiles) | 63 (50–72) | 71 (60–81) | 64 (55–71) | < 0.001 |
| Male patients | 256 (65.5) | 50 (64.1) | 97 (73.5) | 0.209 |
| Arterial hypertension | 107 (27.4) | 36 (46.2) | 48 (36.4) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 103 (26.4) | 41 (52.6) | 44 (33.3) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | 25 (6.4) | 4 (5.1) | 14 (10.6) | 0.205 |
| Asthma | 20 (5.1) | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 0.029 |
| Other pulmonary diseases | 6 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 0.454 |
| Heart disease | 34 (8.7) | 23 (29.5) | 22 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
| Neoplasm | 10 (2.6) | 2 (2.6) | 5 (3.8) | 0.756 |
| Stroke | 5 (1.3) | 3 (3.8) | 1 (0.8) | 0.172 |
| Laboratory data, median (IQR) | ||||
| Leukocyte count, 103/L | 9.48 (6.74–13.4) | 11.6 (9.3–16.4) | 11.8 (8.30–16,01) | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count, 103/L | 0.91 (0.58–4.70) | 0.78 (0.55–1.195) | 0.73 (0.45–1.16) | 0.002 |
| Platelet count, 103/L | 242 (178.5- 320) | 217 (160–316) | 234 (148–299) | 0.158 |
| D-dimers, mg/L | 1.10 (0.38–3.70) | 1.5 (0.61–4.42) | 2.60 (0.69–7.90) | 0.003 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 159 (67–230) | 209 (144–288) | 202 (87–270) | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.24 (0.13–0.64) | 0.73 (0.32–4.03) | 0.91 (0.30–4.20) | < 0.001 |
| Lactose dehydrogenase, UI/L | 554 (354–764) | 592 (422–862) | 598 (403–918) | 0.015 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/l | 7.9 (6.70–10.02) | 14 (10.03–18.84) | 14.10 (8.00–48.84) | < 0.001 |
| Serum ferritin, µg/L | 801 (371–1619) | 843 (371–2061) | 1372 (608–2767) | < 0.001 |
| Therapeutic data, n (%) | ||||
| Intermittent hemodialysis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 29 (21.5) | < 0.001 |
| Continuous venovenous filtration | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 20 (15.2) | < 0.001 |
| High nasal flow oxygen | 196 (50.3) | 45 (57.7) | 70 (53) | 0.464 |
| Continuous positive airway pressure | 39 (10) | 6 (7.7) | 27 (20.5) | 0.003 |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 97 (24.9) | 15 (19.2) | 28 (21.2) | 0.453 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 80 (20.6) | 37 (47.4) | 78 (59.1) | < 0.001 |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 7(1.1) | 0 | 18 (3) | 0.002 |
| Outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| Ischemic stroke | 4 (1) | 3 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 0.039 |
| Ischemic complications | 54 (13.8) | 19 (24.4) | 38 (28.8) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 24 (6.2) | 4 (5.1) | 10 (7.6) | 0.757 |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 12 (3.1) | 8 (10.3) | 27 (20.5) | < 0.001 |
| Septic shock | 45 (11.6) | 28 (35.9) | 70 (53) | < 0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 82 (21) | 40 (51.3) | 73 (55.3) | < 0.001 |