Table 1.

Associations between AD and bacterial mRNA analysis.

Authors, Year, Country	Sample Type/Objective of the Study	mRNA Analysis Assay	Results	Novelty
Nakatsuji, T. et al., 2021, CA, USA	The safety and mechanisms of action of Staphylococcus hominis A9 (ShA9), a bacterium isolated from healthy human skin, as a topical therapy for AD.	Expression of mRNA for psmα	Improvement in local eczema severity was suggested by post hoc analysis of participants with S. aureus directly killed by ShA9.	The safety and potential benefits of bacteriotherapy for AD.
Jeong, D.Y. et al., 2020, Sunchang, South Korea	The efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici SRCM102024 (PA) for treatment of AD in HaCaT cells and NC/Nga mice.	mRNA expression of PAR-2, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-13	Oral treatment of PA relieved AD symptoms in a dose-dependent manner, preventing overactivation of the immune response.	Oral PA intake may be a safe and effective alternative therapy for AD.
Moran, M.C. et al., 2019, New York, USA	Virulence factors can be directly detected at the protein level from human samples.	mRNA analysis	Staphylococcal virulence factors can be quantified at the protein level directly from skin swabs of atopic dermatitis patients.	Secreted virulence factors are present on the skin of atopic patients, as well as the physiological impact of S. aureus in inflammatory diseases, such as atopic dermatitis.